Analysis Of The Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt

In the book Freakonomics, by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, is made up of a series of scenarios in which an economist and a journalist apply basic principles of economics to demonstrate that information can often expose interesting truths about how the world operates. It uses the science of economics and specific data to challenge our assumptions about everything. In the book Freakonomics by Levitt Dubner, compares and contrasts two groups of people or things by using their informational data. This is called juxtaposition, which means the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. Levitt and Dubner look at the world in a way that is both surprising, occasionally funny, and always enlightening. They do so by drawing unexpected connections between two greatly different but complementary aspects of sociology and economics, such as sumo wrestlers to school teachers, KKK members to the real estate agents, and lastly, crack gangs to McDonalds. In chapter one of Freakonomics, the comparison between school teachers and sumo wrestlers is a juxtaposition that was introduced in this book. The Chicago Public School System is an example of how teachers were willing to cheat, thus manipulating their students test results in order to obtain money compensations and prestige. The possibility of promotion or higher pay, provoked teachers to inflate their student s test scores. Whether through writing the answers to Standardized tests on theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt1639 Words   |  7 PagesFreakonomics written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. Copyright, 2005 by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. A non-fiction book about the intertwining discourses of pop culture and economics. Steven David Levitt is an American economist who is well known for his work that specifically focuses on crime, and the connection between legalized abortion and the effect it has on crime rates. Mr. Levitt is currently the â€Å"William B. Ogden Distinguished Service Professor of Economics† at theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt750 Words   |  3 PagesThe last section in chapter two of Freakonomics, written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, attempts to answer the following questions; â€Å"How forthright (and honest) are people when it comes to sharing their personal information,† and â€Å"what kind of information in personal ads is considered the most (and least) desirable† (74)? Throughout this section the authors provide statistical data from an online dating site, which encompassed more than 20,000 users. This data showed that not only areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt895 Words   |  4 Pages In the book Freakonomics, written by economist Steven D. Levitt and journalist Stephen J. Dubne, the authors go through different parts of modern life to show how economics describes why people act a certain way as well as the way specific outcomes occur. They look into different aspects of society and view them with different perspectives. With the use of specific data and the fundamentals of economics, the very obscure comparisons and the different chapters in the book show correlation betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesFreakonomics, written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J, Dubner, is divided into six main sections that all show the similarities between a variety of completely different things. By utilizing statistics and history, the authors are able to create a book that shows that everything is correlated together and that everything is influenced by these statistics. Throughout the book, the authors compare totally different statistics together and show how these totally different statistics, can be linkedRead MoreA Rogue Economist Explores The Hidden Side Of Everything By Steven Levitt Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, it opened my eyes to the most interesting approach to the world. The book name in itself is an odd and unique title. It defines Steven Levitt’s irregular approach to the world of economics and makes you â€Å"forget your image of an economist as a crusty professor worried about fluctuating interest rates†, says Publishers Weekly. Steven Levitt focuses his attention on relevantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Freakonomics 1027 Words   |  5 PagesAP English Language and Composition 3 August 2016 Freakonomics 1. Give the title, author, genre, and date of original publication. Freakonomics is the title of this nonfiction book; it was written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. On April 12, 2005, by HarperCollins. 2. What is author’s purpose for writing the book? Write a paragraph summarizing the main argument or purpose. In this unique book, economist Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, an award-winning author and journalistRead MoreApplication of Freakonomics to Project Management1806 Words   |  8 PagesA Book Review of Freakonomics and Application to Project Management November 2010 Project Management Summary The idea to write Freakonomics began in 2003 when journalist and award winning author Stephen Dubner wrote a profile of economist Steven Levitt for the New York Times Magazine. At the time, Levitt, an Economics professor at the University of Chicago, was focusing his research efforts on answering unique and sometimes controversial questions concerning topics such as crime,Read MoreAn Analysis of Freakonomics, by Steven D. Levitt1585 Words   |  7 Pagesthe best way of describing the unconventional method preferred by economist, Steven D. Levitt. While most economists measure social situations and present the data as numbers and graphs Levitt takes anomalies within the data to reveal truths obscured. It’s Levitt’s sociological take on economics that has set him apart from his peers with his heavy focus on incentives, choices, and the consequences they have. Freakonomics mirrors Levitt’s method since it’s a collection of stories he has uncovered orR ead MoreThesis Of Freakonomics1352 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Book Title: Freakonomics Author name: Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner The author Steven Levitt studied economics at Harvard University and MIT. He is primarily known for his work in the field of crime. The title Freakonomics means a study of economics based on the principles of incentives. The title is related to the book since he emphasizes how incentives drive and affect people’s actions. Although this book does not have a single theme, the main focus of the book is a new way ofRead MoreThe Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt2418 Words   |  10 Pages The book Freakonomics by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner consists of a series of essays in which a journalist and an economist work collectively to find, by applying everyday economic principles, how the world truly works, which reveals some fascinating truths about the world. Some background history of the authors, Steven D. Levitt interviewed Stephen J. Dubner for New York Times Magazine and this is where they initially met and became good friends. With them having similar ideals abo ut

Utopia By Thomas More And The Condition Of The Working Class

How Our Society Today Relates to Societies Hundreds of Years Ago The books, Utopia by Thomas More and the Condition of the Working Class by Friedrich Engels criticize societies hundreds of years ago, and upon reading these books, I have realized that our society today, shares many of the qualities of societies mentioned in these books. Utopia and the Condition of the Working Class brought to light the wealth gap and inequality within societies and how the conditions we are brought up in affects our future. The authors of these books also point out the insecurity of people, as well as poverty and self-interest. Society has changed since the early days, but there are quite a few never-ending issues that still affect our societies today. Grouping people into classes has been an everlasting issue, and it will continue to be an issue as long as people exist. Giving people a class they fall under is a result of the gap between the rich and poor. Friedrich Engels wrote, â€Å"The town itself is peculiarly built, so that a person may live in it for years, and go in and out daily without coming into contact with a working-people s quarter or even with workers, that is, so long as he confines himself to his business or to pleasure walks. This arises chiefly from the fact, that by unconscious tacit agreement, as well as with outspoken conscious determination, the working-people s quarters are sharply separated from the sections of the city reserved for the middle-class; or, if this doesShow MoreRelatedThe Paradox Of Thomas Mores Utopia As An Adjective?1441 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Thomas More penned Utopia in 1535, he not only created a new genre in fiction, he also created a new adjective.   Miriam-Webster defines Utop ia as: a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions. An alternate definition given by the same dictionary is: an impractical scheme for social improvement.(Miriam-Webster) For the purpose of this essay we will be focusing on the latter; Utopia as an adjective. The paradox of the paradigm of Mores Utopia is that allRead More Utopia Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesUtopia The text Utopia was written by Sir Thomas Moore in 1516, just before the outbreak of the Reformation. More’s life flourished through the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, which were influential years in the Renaissance, a flowering of art and thought that began in Italy and flooded through Europe and England. Humanists often stressed the dignity of man and the power of reason while remaining deeply committed to Christianity. Their thought and writings helped to break theRead More The Political Structure of More’s Utopia Essay2634 Words   |  11 PagesOver the past few centuries the word utopia has developed a variety of meanings: a perfect state, paradise, heaven on earth, but the original definition of the word means something quite different. Utopia, coined by Saint Thomas More in his famous work Utopia, written during the English Renaissance, literally means nowhere. It is ironic that a word meaning nowhere has become a catchall phrase for paradise. Mo re’s work is popular because of its wit, its use of metaphor, and its proposals forRead MoreUtopia is defined as a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social1000 Words   |  4 PagesUtopia is defined as a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions, (merriam-webster.com). Utopia is a mindset that people are conditioned to believe is achievable, when in actuality it isn’t. In a utopian society when people believe that they have reached idealized perfection, there will still be things or people that make the society imperfect. â€Å"Every utopia faces the same problem: What do you do with the people who dont fit in?† (Margaret Atwood, a novelistRead More Comparing Nineteen Eighty-Four and Utopia1994 Words   |  8 PagesParallels in Nineteen Eighty-Four and Utopia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature is a mirror of life. In order to reflect their views on the problems in society, many authors of fiction, including Sir Thomas More of Utopia and George Orwell of Nineteen Eighty-Four, use parallels in character, setting, government, and society to link their works to the real world. Characters are the appendages of a literary work, without well rounded characters, a novel is not complete. In many situations, authors useRead MoreComparison Of Aldous Huxley And Thomas Mores Utopia1913 Words   |  8 PagesHow did Aldous Huxley and Thomas Moore approach the perfect society in their writings? They each created a society vastly different from the prevailing one of their times. Thomas More coined the word utopia from 2 Greek words ou meaning no or not and topos which mean no place for his novel Utopia (Miriam-Webster 2017). His novel Utopia written in 1516 was essay of current 16th century English society. Each author is a product of their times. Thomas Moore lived during the Renaissance at a timeRead MoreCommunism: Its Origins and World Impact Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pages(Miskelly Noce, 410). In theory communism should create a classless society and freedom, in which all people would enjoy equal economic status. That may be a theory of what communism should be like but in practice the government cared little for the working class citizens and only wanted to preserve their own power. In a communist government it is the state that controls the government, the production of goods, and the distribution of goods. Communism can also be defined as a concept or system of societyRead MoreKey Attempts For Improve Workers Housing1421 Words   |  6 Pagesparticular design features were considered important to raise living standards? Due to the factors Britain faced during the early 1900’s, one being a massive rise in population between 1800-1900, from 180 million to 400 million people. Housing became more expensive and general living standards decreased with the fall of industrialisation and urbanisation. In this essay I will try to highlight the key attempts made to improve workers housing in Britain between the years of 1850-1910. IndustrialisationRead MoreThemes Of Utopian Literature2013 Words   |  9 Pagespaper will explore three Utopian texts, Thomas More’s Utopia, Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis, and Hendrik Smeeks’ Koningryke Krinke Kesmes, and find some key commonalities and differences between the texts over the course of two centuries of Utopian literature Thomas More’s Utopia (1515) consists of two books, the first book is an introduction to what the second book has to tell the reader. The first book sets the scene in which we can envision the world that More brings to us in the second book. TheRead More Socialism and Thomas Mores Utopia Essay2345 Words   |  10 PagesSocialism and Thomas Mores Utopia      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Socialist ideals have recurred throughout the history of literature; from Plato to Marx the elusive goal of a perfect state has occupied some of the best minds in political thought manifesting itself in literature. In the midst of this historic tradition is the Utopia of More, a work which links the utopias of the ancient with the utopias of the modern. Hythlodays fantasy island draws heavily on the Greek Republic and yet it influenced the revolutionary

The Great Gatsby and Jazz Age Values Free Essays

string(65) " the eyes of a â€Å"dead God† looking onto a â€Å"dead society†\." From Rags to Riches: The American Dream in US American Literature The Great Gatsby: Jazz Age Values and Their Reflection Upon the American Dream Table of Contents Introduction 3 Revolution Music 3 Culture4 Technology6 Excess 7 Disillusionment9 Conclusion 10 Works Cited 11 Introduction The Great Gatsby has been acclaimed as one of the most important novels of the 20th century, and has become an American, and even world, classic. Fitzgerald has not only been heralded for his literary genius in the writing of this novel, but also for his impeccably accurate portrayal of the Jazz Age within The Great Gatsby.Fitzgerald has furthermore been accredited with coining the term â€Å"Jazz Age. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby and Jazz Age Values or any similar topic only for you Order Now † It has come to mean â€Å"[a] new era of ‘relaxation’. † This age further takes its name from â€Å"popular music, which saw a tremendous surge in popularity† (Boland). Among the prominent concerns and trends of the period were â€Å"the public embrace of technological developments typically seen as progress—cars, air travel, and the telephone—as well as new modernist trends in social behavior, the arts, and culture† (Boland). The Great Gatsby fulfills its role of portraying the Jazz Age accurately, illustrating many of the values of this time period, key among them revolution, innocence, excess, and disillusionment. These values have in turn played a very detrimental role upon the idea of the American Dream, leading to the definitive failure of this idealized world. Revolution First, one of the largest themes of the Jazz Age is revolution. Some of the most predominant forms of revolution illustrated within The Great Gatsby were in music, culture, and technology. Musical Revolution Prior to the 1920s, mainstream American music mostly consisted of folk tunes. The emphasis was on everyday people learning to play for themselves and their families and friends at home. By the twenties, the humble tradition of the Mississippi Delta bluesmen had begun to filter through the â€Å"hot towns† of Chicago and New York City producing a potent music not everyone could play (Kersh). The relatively new phonograph and radio allowed previously regional music like the blues to be heard nationwide, creating the first Jazz Age stars (Kersh). Indeed this changing nature of music is what fueled not only Gatsby’s numerous parties but also the general feel of the novel. These parties defied tradition, consisting of â€Å"a whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos, and low and high drums† (Fitzgerald, 26). The music had a certain effect on the guests; it hypnotised them, and they let their bodies flow as if on thin air. As the music started, they reacted to it and began to dance; they were â€Å"holding each other tortuously, fashionably†¦and a great number of single girls dancing individualistically† (Fitzgerald, 31). They were temporarily in another world and were free to dance however they felt like.This new music scene allowed for self-expression and individualism, especially among the women. It ultimately aided a different type of woman to emerge. Cultural Revolution The Jazz Age also saw the surfacing of the â€Å"New Woman†: the flapper. The flapper was â€Å"smart, witty, brash, and eloquent. These women†¦drank and partied just as hard as the men† (Boland). The flapper dress also detoured significantly from traditional feminine attire of modesty and conservatism: the dress exposed enough skin (in just the right places) to attract the attention of the right boys.It added allure to the woman’s body—her gorgeous dress, bobbed hair, sparkling jewelry, and toned limbs moving together to the rhythm of the music, Jazz (Boland). Expression, individuality, and personal freedom were the most important ideals to the flapper woman, another reason for the immediate hit of Jazz music. Jordan Baker epitomized the flapper to a higher better degree than did Daisy within The Great Gatsby. Jordan represents the â€Å"new woman† of the 1920s: cynical, boyish, and self-centered. Jordan is beautiful, but also dishonest; she cheated in order to win her first gold tournament and continually bended the truth to get her way.Though Daisy also physically embodies the flapper in her beauty and charm, she is also too â€Å"fickle, bored, shallow, and sardonic† to be a true flapper woman (SparkNotes). Further, Gatsby himself can be seen as a defiance of tradition. He is a self-made man, starting as a very lowly apprentice to a sea captain, then going on to become a very wealthy entrepreneur. â€Å"His parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people—his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents at all. The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself† (Fitzgerald, 63). His methods of achieving success are also a rebellion against the norm; he uses any means necessary including betting and smuggling alcohol during the Prohibition. Society’s view on these methods of attaining riches was drastically different than traditional ones, further alluding to a cultural revolution: â€Å"Real-life personalities were highly esteemed for their alleged bootlegging under Prohibition†¦ At the onset of Prohibition, a bootlegging industry flourished from the start, and drinking became more in vogue than ever.Upper-class citizens gained prestige by offering outlawed alcohol to their house guests and by taking friends to popular speakeasies† (Moss, 151). The moral rights and ethics of good were overshadowed by the need to become rich and successful. This time period is also the first era to mass question the existence of God. In The Great Gatsby, God is simplified to be the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckelburg: â€Å"[they] are blue and gigantic—their retinas are one yard high. They look out of no face, but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose†¦His eyes brood on over the solemn dumping ground† (Fitzgerald, 16). These eyes stare out from the Valley of Ashes, which exemplifies the decay of American society. The people of the Jazz Age were striving for material and economic wealth, completely forgetting about any spiritual aspect to life, and in this struggle, they gave up their souls in exchange for that wealth. The eyes can in turn be seen as the eyes of a â€Å"dead God† looking onto a â€Å"dead society†. You read "The Great Gatsby and Jazz Age Values" in category "Papers" There are further brief references to God within The Great Gatsby, but all allude to the same idea: the lack or helplessness of God. Man also has even drifted so much away from previous conservatively religious ideals that he himself is more worshipped that God. Nick Carraway is even surprised at this newfound idea; that â€Å"one man could start to play with the faith of fifty million people† (Fitzgerald, 47) is something that only God should have been able to do. Gatsby further goes on to compare his mind to that of God. Referring to kissing Daisy he says, â€Å"his mind would never romp again like the mind of God† (Fitzgerald, 71). George Wilson’s statement â€Å"God knows what you’ve been doing, everything you’ve been doing.You may fool me, but you can’t fool God. † (Fitzgerald, 102) seems like a mockery on God. He is the only character that makes a reference to God’s omnipotence and ends up committing a huge act of sin: suicide. Technological Revolution The twenties were a time of radical transformation caused by the many changes in technology through new advancements, discoveries, and inventions. Possibly the most significant innovations during this time were the automobile and the radio. The mass production of the automobile started by Henry Ford in the 1920s. By 1927 he had manufactured and sold some 15 million Model-Ts (Cheek).This technological revolution is emphasized in The Great Gatsby numerously. I conducted my own side experiment and counted the number of times the words ‘car,’ ‘automobile,’ or ‘auto’ were mentioned within the text and the result was rather interesting: there were 66 mentions of this new technology. The newest cars were seen as status symbols, so of course the upper class had to have the most recent cars. Gatsby takes a lot of pride in his car, and tries to use it as a tool to win over the woman of his dreams, Daisy. Gatsby’s owns both a Rolls Royce and a ellow station wagon, and they are personified as â€Å"splendid† and â€Å"gorgeous,† showing how much importance was placed on physical appearances of wealth. I find it rather interesting that this ultimate symbol of wealth, the car, was the ultimate force of destruction within the novel. Once Myrtle was run over by Gatsby’s car, each character ended up also destructing. The other important revolutionary catalyst was the radio. In an age without television, radio was the center of entertainment and news. Radio provided a cheap and convenient way of conveying information and ideas. The first broadcasts were primarily news and world affairs; later in the decade, radios were used to broadcast everything from concerts and sermons and everything in between (Cheek). Radio was the main form of media that helped spread other revolutionary ideas, such as the new music of Jazz and advertisements for the newest cars. Excess The theme of excess in The Great Gatsby also goes hand in hand with the materialism and superficiality of the time, and as excesses go, the Jazz Age was definitely marked by a huge increase in consumerism.Some of the aforementioned ideas of revolution of the Jazz Age also evidence the excess of this society, especially the cars, the dress, the â€Å"achieve through any way possible† mentality, and the mansions. Leading the way was the increasing popularity of the automobile, a product that stimulated the U. S. economy more than any other industry. At the turn of the 20th century, there had been only 8,000 automobiles registered in the United States. By 1920, there were 8 million and by the close of the decade, 23 million (Cheek). Gatsby’s car thus not only symbolizes the technology of the decade, but also this widespread excess. Gatsby’s car was one that â€Å"everybody had seen,† a â€Å"rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns† (Fitzgerald, 41). Further, Gatsby’s second car, â€Å"the death car,† is a bright yellow color, dramatically contrasting the standardized black color of most cars of the time. The mansions are anther very visible form of excess. â€Å"[The Buchanans’] house was more elaborate than [Nick] expected, a cheerful red-and-white Gregorian colonial mansion, overlooking the bay.The lawn started at the beach and ran towards the front door for a quarter of a mile, jumping over sundials and brick walls and burning gardens—finally when it reached the house drifting up the side in bright vines as though from the momentum of its run. The front was broken by a line of French windows, glowing now with reflected gold and wide open to the warm windy afternoon†¦. † (Fitzgerald, 6) Though they are only one couple with a small daughter, this huge mansion is something that they, in their eyes, need to represent their success and wealth. This additionally stresses the value of excess and materialism during this time.Another central idea was to achieve as much material success as possible, and then flaunt it. Fitzgerald summed this idea up well in The Great Gatsby by saying, â€Å"Americans, while occasionally willing to be serfs, have always been obstinate about being peasantry† (57). Even if one didn’t have the means to have the best of everything, it was still expected of them. Myrtle was enraged when she found out her husband didn’t wear his own suit to his wedding. â€Å"He borrowed somebody’s best suit to get married in†¦and the man came after it one day when he was out†¦I gave it to him and then I lay down and cried†¦all afternoon† (Fitzgerald, 24). Daisy also displays the importance of material excess, also in dress, when looking at Gatsby’s clothes, â€Å"It makes me sad because I’ve never seen such—such beautiful shirts before† (Fitzgerald, 59). This concept of excess caused people to place the most importance and meaning on purely physical, material, and ultimately temporary effects. Disillusionment The excess materialism combined with a sense of ‘newness’ through the revolutionary technologies of the time left an overall feeling of disillusionment upon the upper class. Each character within The Great Gatsby is either himself disillusioned or is affected by disillusionment. Gatsby can probably be seen as the person suffering the most under this disillusionment because everything that he has strived for in life, all his wealth and material gain, was for a false hope and cause: Daisy. Though his life seemed completely full, from the huge boisterous parties during the week to the numerous people he surrounded himself with, he ended up alone in his purely material world. This is blatantly evident at his funeral; â€Å"The minister glanced several times at his watch so [Nick] took him aside and asked him to wait half an hour. But it wasn’t any use. Nobody came† (Fitzgerald,). Daisy and Tom were also both disillusioned, mainly in their relationship. Tom paraded around with mistresses and Daisy was toying with Gatsby’s heart; both were in their separate fantasy worlds, imagining a life they subconsciously knew they would never lead. That is ultimately why they remained together in the end, despite the adulterous way they treated their relationship. Nick himself was also disillusioned; â€Å"Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I has ever known† (Fitzgerald, 39), thus characterizing himself in opposition to the masses. He is â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgments† (Fitzgerald, 3), events in the novel do not attest to his self-characterization. Though he wants to take the moral high ground, his best friend ends up being probably one of the more morally corrupt characters, Gatsby. He also says about Jordan’s cheating during her tournament, â€Å"Dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply—I was casually sorry, and then I forgot† (Fitzgerald, 38). His utter awe and wonder of this â€Å"new world† clouds his better judgments.In then end though, it seems that he as able to grasp a bit of the truth: when all the wonder, glamour, and sparkle finally fades away, the emptiness will settle in and they will finally sense that this pursuit of the American Dream was an illusion. Conclusion The Jazz Age was a very revolutionary movement within American history, and has left a rather large impact on American society. The values of revolution, excess, and disillusionment played a large role on the pursuit of the American Dream. In reality, the American Dream was based on nothing but these Jazz Age values.The revolutionary nature of this time period led to society’s value of excess and ultimate disillusionment. These false values made the American Dream seem something it is not. In the 1920s, the American Dream was nothing but an idea of materialistic wealth and objective pleasures. The reach for this rather unattainable Dream represented the demise of an America of hard work and good ethics and goals of wealth and a skewed successful life. Works Cited Boland, Jesse. â€Å"The Jazz Age in America. † 1920s Fashion and Music. Jesse Boland. 15. 04. 2010. Web/ 01 Sept. 2010. . Cheek, Jerry S. Inventions. † The Roaring Twenties. Kennesaw State University, 01. 08. 2005. Web. 01 Sept. 2010. . Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Woodsworth Edition. Ware, Hertfordshire: Woodsworth Editions, 1993. Print. Kersh, J. â€Å"The Great Gatsby: The Jazz Age. † ENotes. Penny Satoris. Seattle: Enotes. com, Oct. 2002. Web. 29 Aug. 2010. . Moss, Joyce. Literature and Its Times: Profiles of 300 Notable Literary Works and the Historical Events That Influence Them. Vol. 3. Gale, 1997. Print. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on the Great Gatsby. † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 01 Sept. 2010. How to cite The Great Gatsby and Jazz Age Values, Papers

Issues in Australian Construction Industries- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIssues in Australian Construction Industries for GDP. Answer: Identification of Issues Australian construction industry is one of the core contributors to the GDP of the country, in fact, it contributes 8% to the GDP and is the third largest industry of the country only after mining and finance (Chou 2017). However, the recent scenario of the industry is undesirable because it is facing significant challenges recently. Some of the challenges have been discussed as follows (Fullford and Standing 2014): Price rise: One of the core challenges that the construction industry is facing is the rise of the rising prices due to increase in the cost of the metals, high-interest rates, continuous change in Australian currency value and even the price of oil. The deemed scenario is offering significant challenge to the constructors. Quality Control: Australia lacks a proper structured protocol for the quality control of construction works and is resulting in reduced productivity. Due to lack of proper standards, another major challenge has arisen for the construction industry, and that is CORRUPTION. In the recent years multiple cases have been evident on corruption and malpractices in the construction industry. The government are attempting to control the scenario, however; no substantial results have been determined till date. Site safety: Another critical challenge that the Australian construction industry is facing is the safety of its workforce at the construction sites. The construction companies are adopting methods to ensure the workers by getting them insured, however, the attempt is getting backfired because it is affecting the project cost and in the process is affecting the productivity of the projects. Site safety is also giving birth to another challenge for the construction industry, and that is REDUCED WORKPLACE PRODUCTIVITY. Recent studies suggest that in the recent years more and more Australian labours are reducing their working hour and are becoming responsible for the reduced productivity of the sector. Cash flow issues: Australian construction industry has earned a bad reputation for itself when it comes to project planning which is creating issues. It has become difficult for the management to find financial support easily because of the threats associated with recovering their invested capital. The financial sectors (banks, market lenders and others) are also taking adequate care before investing their money in the construction industry of Australia which is creating pressing challenges for the subject. Evaluation of One of the Core Issue The section above has discussed some crucial issues that the Australian construction industry is facing today. However, one of the core issues that have not been discussed in the section above is the shortage of workforce for the industry (Zuo et al. 2017). To be more precise, the construction industry is facing a shortage of skilled labours. The reason for the shortage lays on the fact that the country has proved itself to be incapable of producing capable professionals who hold the capability and the knowledge to manage derive the construction projects to successful completion (Guthridge 2012). To cope up with the scenario, the owners are recruiting workforce from abroad which is also creating challenges for the managerial team. In the deemed scenario the challenges are associated with educating the foreign workforce in the working processes, tools and techniques of the Australian construction industry. The crucial factors that are responsible for the shortage of skilled labour in the Australian construction industry are training funding, immigration, increased age population of Australia and financial limitations. All of the factors are very crucial for the shortage of skills in the construction Industry. Training and its funding: The problems are associated with the changing tools technology and lack of formal education of the labour. It forces the construction project owners to invest in the training which affects the budget of the project, while is also time and effort consuming. Additionally, if the training is provided to the immigrants than the cultural and communicational barriers offers a significant challenge to the project owners. The remedy for the deemed solution would be to include the training plans within the project management plans; it would also enhance the productivity of the project. Additionally, the training responsibilities should be given to the team consisting of bilingual bicultural members of management. Immigration: One of the primary reasons that the construction industry of Australia is facing a skill crisis is because of the introduction of immigrants (Bahn, Barratt-Pugh and Yap 2012). The migrant workers are ready to work at a much lower price than the local labour and hence are more preferred by the construction owner. However, the owners ignore the fact that as the migrants are not from Australia, it limits their knowledge about the tools techniques used in Australia for construction. Additionally, their compatibility with the Australian construction techniques can also be questioned. The potential solution for the discussed scenario would be selection of the immigrants for the jobs in construction that demands little skills and more skill requiring jobs should be offered to those who are aware of the working patterns of the industry. Training can also be of assistance for minimising the deemed threat. Increased age of Australia: The deemed scenario is one of the very complicated scenarios because the recent years have witnessed an increase in the retirement of construction employee and a decrease in recruitment which is leading to skills shortage. To counter the deemed scenario, the project owners can increase the apprentice ratio and offer permanent jobs to the best of them after completion of their project. Financial limitations: It has been discussed in the section above that the construction industry is facing a capital shortage and it is influencing the hiring of skills, ultimately leading to shortage of skills in the project process. Resource utilisation planning is the potential solution for the deemed factor. The project planners can utilise the resources (human, inventory and others) appropriately to save cost which they can invest on hiring skills and in the process increasing productivity profit which can be used to hire more skilled workers for the next projects. Bibliography: Abcc.gov.au. (2018).Industry issues | ABCC. [online] Available at: https://www.abcc.gov.au/industry-issues [Accessed 21 Apr. 2018]. Bahn, S., Barratt-Pugh, L. and Yap, G., 2012. The employment of skilled migrants on temporary 457 visas in Australia: Emerging issues.Labour Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work,22(4), pp.379-398. Chou, D. (2017).Construction slowdown to weigh on economy. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-25/construction-work-done-gdp-impact/8559176 [Accessed 21 Apr. 2018]. Fulford, R. and Standing, C., 2014. Construction industry productivity and the potential for collaborative practice.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.315-326. Guthridge, M., 2012. Education-a critical root cause of the industry's skills shortage.AusIMM Bulletin, (5), p.68. Zhou, Z., Goh, Y.M. and Li, Q., 2015. Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry.Safety science,72, pp.337-350. Zuo, J., Pullen, S., Rameezdeen, R., Bennetts, H., Wang, Y., Mao, G., Zhou, Z., Du, H. and Duan, H., 2017. Green building evaluation from a life-cycle perspective in Australia: A critical review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,70, pp.358-368.

The End Of World War I Essays - French Third Republic,

The End of World War I When World War I ended on November 11, 1918, peace talks went on for months due to the Allied leaders wanting to punish the enemy and ?dividing the spoils of war.? A formal agreement to end the war was made and called the Treaty of Versailles. The issue that took the most time were the territorial issues because the empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman, and Germany had collapsed. These fallen empires had to be divided up and America's President Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and David Lloyd George of Great Britain, were the main deciders of this deal. During 1918, Russia was knocked out of the war due to military defeats and the Bolshevik Revolution. Even though Russia had not been part of the Central Powers, Germany seized much of western Russia. After many months of arguing, the four men had made western Russia into the nations of Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Poland. The Treaty of Versailles was either a treaty of peace or a vengeance for the Germans. In April of 1919, Germany was previously captured and made to wait in a small house that was surrounded with barbed wire. The Allied, who captured Germany, wanted to make a peace treaty to end the fighting. The Germans agreed, but they wanted a treaty that was based on the Fourteen Points but obviously they were not going to get it because of the way they were treated; the barbed wire was unnecessary and ?should have tipped them off to what lay ahead.? When the treaty was first introduced to the Germans, they declined to sign it. It forced the Germans to accept full responsibility for the war and strip themselves of its colonies, coal fields, and the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. It also made them pay outrageous reparations to the Allies. Nevertheless, on June 28, 1919, the Germans reluctantly signed the treaty because the Allies refused to change one word. Out of the $33 billion dollars the Germans had to pay for damages, the country was only able to pay $4.5 billion of it. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles helped set the stage for another world war less than 20 years later because the Allied wanted to stop Germany from ever becoming imperialistic again and still have them pay the war reparations. Germany opposed these actions and was the most effected by the terms of the Versailles Treaty. Germany got the blunt end of the war and was desperate to find a new leader to get out of their depression. That leader was Adolf Hitler. World War I was won by the Allied in which a formal agreement was made called the Versailles Treaty. It both brought peace and war in the coming years. Due to the harsh life styles it forced Germany to live, World War II broke out within twenty years time from the treaty.

First cause essays

First cause essays There are many different Cosmological arguments for the existence of God. People for many years now have been trying to distinguish if God was a matter of faith or if there are reasons to back up his existence. I have looked at all four Cosmological arguments and the argument that best fit my beliefs and reasoning was the first cause argument. The First cause argument not only has reasons to back up it opinions but also has traditional faith in it, which I believe is why it is the most well known argument. Our society at the present is filled with mostly the baby-boomer generation which are set in there ways and do not want to be told to think differently. Our textbook elucidates what most people who believe in God articulate when asked how they believe the world/god was created, Well, things just didnt pop up out of nothing. Someone, a pretty powerful Someone, had to cause the universe to come into existence. You just cant have causes going back forever. God must have made the world. Nothing else makes sense (Pojman, 101). The quote that was just presented sums up how people that believe in God believe in faith, and how first cause argument takes peoples faiths and is putting reason to it. The first cause argument gives explanation to how humans are not self-caused, only others cause change so something else (God) caused me. Since there cannot be an infinite number of causes something had to be the first (i.e. God). With this being said God then has to be the only uncaused first cause. (Pojman 102) Something has to be the cause of everything, which means God, is unchallengeable. The most plausible objection to the first cause argument is that if God was self-caused then he goes against the first cause theory that someone else has to cause something in order for change. By needing someone else to cause me or others around me we have to look back at our ...

Security in Short Range Wireless Networks Thesis

Security in Short Range Wireless Networks - Thesis Example To combat the security threats faced by this short range wireless communication, several techniques have been brought forward. This paper is aimed at evaluating the various threats faced by the short range wireless networks and the effective solutions to these security threats. One of the security problems is eavesdropping. In this case, the attacker ‘listens’ and monitors contents in a message being transmitted. For instance, an attacker may tune into transmissions between a base station and a wireless handset. Wi-Fi is a local networking technology that works on IEEE 802.11 standard implemented by Wi-Fi compatible devices (Davis, 2004). It is used at homes, offices and public hotspots and offer a relatively higher peak data rates than 3G systems do. However, it also creates new security threats as follows. Wi-Fi has a security problem of Evil twin APs. In this case, the hacker creates a rogue Wi-Fi access point to eavesdrop on wireless communications, which appears to be a legitimate one. As a result, wireless clients can easily connect to them, since fraudulent APs can easily advertise the same network SSID as legitimate connections. Once the victim clients connect, traffic is routed using DHCP and DNS through the evil twin, and this may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks (Lemstra, Hayes, & Groenewegen, 2010). Data interception is another security problem encountered. Eavesdroppers can easily capture data that is sent over Wi-Fi within a short distance or even longer with directional antennas. This is done using cracking tools like ElcomSoft Wireless Security Auditor that locates wireless networks and intercepts data packets. Wi-Fi also encounters denial of service attacks, where an attacker frequently sends bogus requests, premature successful/failure connection messages and other commands to Access Points that are targeted. These attacks make channels busy, disconnect

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Cultural Event Report - Essay Example As announced, the exhibits during that particular day include: Read My Pins: The Madeleine Albright Collection; the Yves Saint Laurent: The Retrospective; Focus: Earth & Fire; Garry Winogrand: Women Are Beautiful; and Blue & White: A Ceramic Journey; among 22 events. There were two building in the premises: the North Building that housed the main museum, which is a seven-storey structure. Likewise, another building, the Frederic C. Hamilton Building house additional collections of the museum. Both architectural structures are forms of art in themselves as they used innovative styles and are uniquely designed. The Yves Saint Laurent: The Retrospective exhibit started on March 25, 2012 and would run until July 8, 2012. It showcased a remarkable collection of haute couture garments, photographs, drawings, and films that exemplify the evolving years of Saint Laurent as a designer. The way the garments, photographs, and memorabilia were presented was just magnificent and is highly indicative of the quality and excellent image that Saint Laurent has exuded through the years. The collection entitled The Dior Years were simply breath-taking in sublime perfection and beauty. Four haute couture garments were showcased in grey, black, white and red; in styles that embody timelessness. Likewise, in another showcase, The Shock of Colors, was equally awe-inspiring as the narrow room was apparently lined from floor to ceiling in a rainbow of fabric swatches, where the walls are covered with pages reportedly taken from Saint Laurent’s old notebooks. The merging of these swatches with the garments displayed effectively delivered the message to the viewing audience. There were still various designer pieces, such as the ‘Paris Rose’, the long evening dress in black and draped with pink satin ribbon on the bodice which was the centerpiece of the exhibit. All these magnificent displays represent years of artistic designs that are being shared

Describe & evaluate the effects of 2 drugs on the functioning of Essay

Describe & evaluate the effects of 2 drugs on the functioning of neurotransmitters - Essay Example It is four times stronger, than morphine. But the feeling, to which drug addicts strive, is just a side effect for medicine. This ‘side effect’ is displayed through better mood – euphoria, accompanied by the feeling of indifference to the environment, drowsiness, feeling of warmth, heaviness and relaxation in body and extremities. ‘Heroin – is the warmth, sweet warmth, which seems to be growing out of your body. At first it seems you are pregnant with this warmth, it is like a tender life under your skin, and this ‘live warmth’ fills your body with heaviness, the wish to move disappears together with all other wishes, the only wish is to lay and listen to this warmth†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Carnwath 2002, p. 23) Fast and powerful effect of heroin on the nervous system is connected with the fact that it penetrates to it easier, than other drugs do. The thing is, that nature has created a special barrier for the protection of the main human organ – brain, and this barrier allows far not all substances to reach the nervous cells (in medicine this barrier is called ‘blood-brain barrier’). The structure of heroin’s molecule allows it to easily penetrate though this blood-brain barrier and quickly accumulate in brain. As soon as heroin appears in the brain, it as if ‘throws down’ its capsule and turns into morphine. It appears that the main difference of heroin from morphine is in its transport capsule, which allows it to instantly penetrate into the nervous system, causing the abundance of electromagnetic impulses. (Carnwath 2002, p. 49) The thing is that some parts of heroin’s molecules are similar to those of natural substances, produced by the nervous system – the so-called endorphins. In the normally working brain such substances work as delicate regulators of emotional and intellectual human activity. The content of these substances in the drug is much higher, than the nervous system needs for normal activity. And the main thing is that it is

Inculturation In Contemporary Mission Theology Religion Essay

Inculturation In Contemporary Mission Theology Religion Essay This assignment will explore the place of inculturation in contemporary mission by defining mission in the present world and exploring how the various aspects of mission are affected by mission and the origins of the word inculturation. There will also be exploration into the ethics of inculturation in mission and an exploration of the biblical perspective of mission. The assignment will consider whether inculturation is part of the Missio Dei. This assignment will focus on inculturation in the western world as inculturation is most important when applied to a post-Christondom society as these are the lease likely to have a view on God. It is also more likely to be within the interest of the target audience for this essay. There is considerable controversy surrounding the meaning of the term inculturation. The relationship between gospel and cultures is recognised as  a crucial question for Christian mission.  [1]  Ã‚  The two main words used when relating culture with the Gospel and these are contextualisation and inculturation. These terms differ only by a matter of perspective contextualisation is to make the Gospel relevant to the culture and inculturation is the perspective of the Gospel represented within those situations. The Gospel is communicated in and through language, symbols, music, traditions, and customs. In other words, the Gospel is communicated through culture. This is where inculturation begins. Each of the four gospels was written for a specific culture. For example, the gospel of Matthew was written for Jewish communities. The Gospel message transforms the world and continues to be inculturated in different times and places (Matthew 5.1-16). Among the problems vexing modern missiology is the urgent need for adaptation, both due to declining congregations in the post-Christendom era and because of the constant need for adaptation to promote acceptance of faith. Mission partners are told to adjust themselves to the people whom they labour.  [2]  This is the product of inculturation. The making of disciples is a process that begins at the point of conversion, but continues long after it, for the entirety, one could argue, of a Christians life. The International Standard Dictionary Bible Dictionary defines disciples thus: after the death and ascension of Jesus, disciples are those who confess Him as the Messiah.  [3]  The process of becoming a disciple thus begins with a confession of faith, but must continue as part of the Body of Christ, and in the Church. The term winning souls implies in itself an eschatological view of salvation, and places a heavier emphasis on life in Christ after the resurrection of the dead than life in Christ in this world. In principle salvation is the effect on the soul of a conversion to Christianity. There is, however, a distinction to be made between saving and winning souls. Whilst the former has a firmly eschatological meaning, the latter is more ambiguous. It is therefore imperative that the motives of the church are clear; namely, from what are these souls being saved from? Butler describes American culture as something that people need to be saved from.  [4]   The practice of Paul laid out in 1 Corinthians 9:22 is that Christianity appeared to those on the outside of faith to adapt to the circumstances in which they find those to whom they are preaching. The word inculturation is of recent coinage and has rapidly been accepted within theological debate.  [5]  This would appear to imply that it meets a need identified recently and that there is general agreement on its significance within contemporary mission that it is a vital component to successful mission both when inculturation is naturally occurring and when it is formulated for the purpose. Academics agree that the message of the New Testament entails mission. Passages such as Matthew 28:18-20 and Mark 16:15-16 are usually referred to by scholars as the Great Commission.  [6]  Due to this the Church of Jesus has a mandate to take the salvific message of the Gospel to the ends of the earth and to make Disciples of Christ in every nation. There is some ambiguity regarding the understanding of mission.  [7]  Practicing ones faith in community is an important way of participating in mission.  [8]  Through baptism, Hebrews 10:25 withholds that Christians believe that they become sisters and brothers belonging together in Christ. The church is the  coming together  of the faithful and their  going forth  in peace and this is the mission God is said to require of his people and this is also known as the Missio Dei.  [9]  Bosch is one theologian strongly in favour of witnessing as a Christian, saying that Mission means serving, healing, and reconciling a divided, wounded humanity.  [10]  Sometimes to achieve these aims set out by Bosch it is required to adapt ones personal understanding in favour of a greater meaning which can put into motion these missiological acts. Bosch describes mission in general terms as the activity of proclaiming and embodying the gospel among those who have not yet embraced it.  [11]  The basic premise of mission is that all Christians should be involved in the Great Commission of Jesus as spoken in Matthew 28:19-20. The teaching of the contemporary missional church is that the church has a mission because Jesus had a mission.  [12]  Hirsch describes mission when he says missional church is a community of Gods people that defines itself, and organizes its life around, its real purpose of being an agent of Gods mission to the world.  [13]   Through inculturation, the Church provides an incarnational in cultures and at the same time introduces people along with their cultures, into the churches own community, providing that it is biblical.  [14]  People of faith transmits these Biblical ideologies into their own values, at the same time taking the elements which already exist within their cultures and adapting those that do not into a more applicable form.  [15]  Due to this action within the local churches, the universal Church has developed forms of expression and ethics in the various sectors of Christian life, such as evangelization, worship, theology and social justice.  [16]   A consequence of inculturation is that a given culture has an opportunity to be transformed by faith, and ideally the culture in question is introduced into the Church. Inculturation has this effect because humanity reflects God as they are created in His image (Genesis 1:27). God has planted His holy spirit, in every individual, and as such, every community. This is a normal consequence of humanitys creation in the image and likeness of God.  [17]  Ã‚  Christians believe, as described by Paul in his letter to the Corinthians that the Holy Spirit is active in all of humanity, regardless of whether they have faith in him. This is this reason that the Gospel message can be unchanging despite inculturation of the Gospel into cultures.  [18]  It is the duty of evangelism which is made possible due to inculturation, to reveal this presence and this activity, to discover and affirm holy spirit and to challenge everything in the culture, which impedes the full manifestation of Gods truth and love.  [19]  This provides a full circle of inculturation from applying the Gospel to the culture in question, to the culture being transformed by the Gospel message and to some extent un-inculturating themselves. There are various different ways of explaining transformation of culture by faith. One opinion, represented by Galder, is to situate the process in what is called the  Missio Dei, which basically means the Mission of God.  [20]  Ã‚  The Missio  Dei reaches its potential in the great commandment of love (oneanother as oneself) and its practical implementation in the life and sacrifice of Jesus described in John as God so loved the world that he gave his only Son (John 3: 16).  [21]  Another approach taken by theologians, represented by Wainwright Tucker, is to see inculturation as a consequence of the Incarnation.  [22]  By becoming human, God identified himself with human culture.  [23]  Culture was part of the human nature adopted by God the Son, Jesus.  [24]  Ã‚  This identification was completed in the death of Jesus on the cross.  [25]  Through his death and resurrection, Jesus transcended the limitations of an earthly life and has extended his saving power interculturally.  [26]  This process of the inculturation wheel involves the death and resurrection of each and every culture.  [27]  Ã‚  Christians believe, according to Wainright, that their faith is the perfection of every culture.  [28]  Both of these arguments represent valid points however, despite being seemingly distinctive in academic writings, they have no requirement to be mutually exclusive. For this reason, one may conclude that one could incorporate the incarnation with the Missio Dei for maximum beneficial results. Inculturation affects every aspect of the Christian life, particularly how that life of faith begins. Evangelism as Witness, a model put forward by Abraham, is the idea that a Christians everyday life should serve as a witness to their faith and that this should be a route to evangelism.  [29]  The basis for this idea is found in the Sermon on the Mount, when Jesus tells his disciples, In the same way, let your light shine before others, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father who is in heaven (Matthew 5:16). Abraham himself is ambivalent about this approach: while it is effective at making evangelism a natural part of a Christians daily life, there is a danger that it can [allow] us to pretend that the church has fulfilled its obligations in evangelism when in reality it has reduced evangelism to our acts of mercy and love.  [30]  Furthermore, by making evangelism an inherent part of the Christian lifestyle, but distinctive from secularisation, it becomes removed from the culture of a community and represents its own, faithful culture.  [31]  This would leave room for new converts to detach from an inculturated Gospel message and begin their faith from pure eyes.  [32]  Through the eyes of inculturisation evangelism as witness appears to be a shallow representation of the understanding of the role of inculturism in contemporary culture. However, one thing that may be said of evangelism by witness is that its motives are inherently pure. Because the Christian lifestyle is not a means to an evangelistic end but an end in itself, evangelism is not a purpose in itself; rather a Christ-like life is the purpose, and evangelism is merely a by-product. This is the danger that Abraham expresses in The Art: that witness as evangelism exaggerates what can be conveyed through acts of mercy and love alone.  [33]   One characteristic of Jesus Christ is his willingness to serve. He spent his human life serving the apostles and all those he came in contact with. Through the scriptures, his service has become much more far reaching, beyond the people he came in direct contact with. The stories that are told teach all of us why service is important. When Christ was teaching the multitudes of people and it was a meal time, the community of people got hungry. Jesus was compassionate to their needs and fed them. Not only did he perform a miracle to show that what He provided both in the meal and in his saving actions, that there was enough for everyone, but he also shared his time with His people. Jesus is taken as the ultimate idol in a time where people feel the need to be provided with an external locus of identity. His example surpasses culture, it is an intercultural need that supposes time and space, for that of food, nutritionally and spiritually. This could be argued to be evidence for a resol ution to some issues facing faith across cultures. Christianity is a religion that has surpassed centuries and inculturation is is entwined throughout the churchs history. As a result of this historical process there is a certain accumulation of cultural elements, which begin with those biblical influences where the culture is present whilst continually being affected and adapted by cultures.  [34]  The cultures of the Bible are necessary for the understanding of Scripture, which, in the Christian tradition, cannot be replaced by any other historical influence.  [35]   Within more traditional church practices there is the use of words, gestures and rites particularly those that belong to the liturgy of the sacraments. There are other traditions the church has help which Jesus himself did or has commanded his followers to participate in: Baptism and the bread and wine which Jesus substituted for the blessings of the Jewish Passover.  [36]  The Church feels unable to change these practices without being unfaithful to the historical Jesus.  [37]   The process of the inculturation into other cultures is costly in time. Tanye describes it as not a matter of purely external adaptation, for inculturation means the intimate transformation of authentic cultural values through their integration in Christianity and the insertion of Christianity in the various human cultures.  [38]  The process is thus a profound and all-embracing one, which involves the Christian message and also the Churchs reflection and practice. At the same time it is a difficult process, as the attraction to compromise the distinctiveness and integrity of the Christian faith is strong. The Church identifies with biblical culture, but this is ever further from its own living culture of today. The cultures of the first century AD are, in fact, cultures which are not naturally occurring in modern society. The reason for emphasis on biblical culture is because it belongs to the humanity and historicity of Jesus himself, who is the subject of evangelization/inculturation. People of every culture have to do this and it is part of the reality of inculturation itself, especially where these elements are essential   Ã‚  to Christian identity. Inculturation is a slow journey which accompanies the whole of missionary life. It involves those working in the Churchs mission and the Christian communities as they develop.. It is an integral component to evangelism. For this reason inculturation is essential to the current church in the west however is not ideal for a longer-term plan for the church.

How I Invented Writing Essay -- Writing Technology Invention Essays

Writing is, at its core, a technology. It allows us to take our thoughts and arrange them spatially in the physical world. Living in a culture where this practice is an every day occurrence, the physical nature of writing fluidly becomes part of our consciousness. This is what the class project exposed for me. Having to â€Å"invent† a writing technology forced me to see the importance of being able to easily put down my thoughts and work with them visually. At this very moment I am transferring thoughts into lines, shaping, moving, juggling them around on the familiar square format of the page. This is a process I wanted to allow for with my own invented technology. The ability to work with your thoughts and shape them, as an artist shapes clay or mixes paints, is the most important asset of writing. The project called for the use of â€Å"natural† materials to write up to 20 words. The first hurdle then was to try to find something as natural as possible. I had a little fun looking up the world â€Å"natural† in a thesaurus as a starting point for ideas. â€Å"Usual,† â€Å"normal,† â€Å"accepted,† â€Å"ordinary,† stuck out immediately. Writing as a technology has evolved to the point where it might fit with these words. â€Å"Innate† and â€Å"effortless† were the next two words in my thesaurus. Certainly writing has become effortless in recent years, with the advent of the computer. You can erase, move, copy, and write at blinding speed. Effortless is definitely a word I would use – but not for my invented technology. â€Å"Physical, biological, environmental.† These were words that were closest to what I was aiming for. With â€Å"biological† fueling my search, I went outside to scope out candidates to b... ...h, transportability, and permanence. Because of this its ability to communicate ideas is extremely hampered, and all the benefits of writing as we use it today are absent except for one. The goal I set out to achieve with my technology, the single quality of giving physical form to thoughts, remains intact. Works Cited Bolter, Jay David. "The New Dialogue." Writing Material: Reading from Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Evelyn B. Tribble, Ann Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 75-86 Duguid, Paul and John Seely Brown. "The Social Life of Documents." Writing Material: Reading from Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Evelyn B. Tribble, Ann Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 104-121 Ong, Walter. "Writing is a Technology that Restructures Thought." Writing Material: Reading from Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Evelyn B. Tribble, Ann Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 315-335

The Effects of Caffeine on the Human Body

How does Caffeine affect the human body? Caffeine is the world’s most popular drug (Spiller, 1998), and can be found in over 60 species of plants throughout the world. Consumption of caffeine comes from cola, coffee, cocoa, tea, some medications and so much more. In this paper I will describe the effects of caffeine on the human body, from the health risks to how it can help your body; here are just some of the ways caffeine affects the human body both physically and psychologically.First of all, caffeine has been shown to lead to a loss of minerals found in bones, which eventually will cause osteoporosis, a disease that is characterized by very weak and brittle bones (Liddell, 2011). According to Spiller (1998), â€Å"caffeine intake equivalent to 2 or more cups a day was associated with a significantly increased hip fracture risk in woman† (p. 351). This is because caffeine decreases the ability of your body to absorb calcium by a small amount.To maintain a proper bon e density and drink caffeine regularly, it is important to â€Å"aim for three or four daily servings of calcium-rich foods such as milk, cheese and yogurt† (Liddell, 2011). Caffeine has many Psychological symptoms linked to it as well, such as addiction because caffeine is labeled as a stimulant so overtime people can become addicted to it (Martinez, 2010). Surprisingly you can become physically dependent on caffeine with only taking in doses as low as 100 mg a day (Gaskins, 1998), this is equivalent to 1 cup of coffee or 2 sodas!Also just like any other drug you can become addicted to, â€Å"people who are addicted to caffeine will experience withdrawal symptoms when they don't have enough in their system† Running head: Caffeine and the human body (Martinez, 2010). Other psychological symptoms that correlate to excessive caffeine ingestion are increased anxiety for those who already have anxiety and sleep disorders such as insomnia. On the other hand caffeine is not all bad for the human body, it has been shown to protect against Parkinson’s disease and depression, as well as preventing cognitive decline in elderly women (Anitei, 2007).Also evidence suggests that consuming moderate amounts of caffeine could help prevent diabetes, certain cancers and liver disease (Bartlett, 2011). Another way caffeine is beneficial is because it helps athletes significantly improve their endurance during explosive exercises such as sprinting or jumping. According to Bartlett (2011), â€Å"Consuming between 140 to 400 mg of caffeine before exercising can increase your endurance and overall exercise performance. † Overall, caffeine is the most popular drug and can be both harmful and beneficial to the human body.It can make your bones brittle, but it can also help boost your metabolism and fight certain diseases. Caffeine just like most things is good in moderation, and as long as you make sure to get enough calcium and nutrients it should have no l asting effects on your body.References Anitei, S. A. (2007). Top 15 effects that coffee has on your health. Retrieved from: http://news. softpedia. com/news/Top-14-Coffee-Effects-on-Your-Health-70537. shtml Liddell, A. L. (2011). The effects of caffeine on bone density. Retrieved from: http://www. livestrong. om/article/326827-the-effects-of-caffeine-on-bone-density/ Martinez, E. L. (2010). Harmful psychological effects of caffeine. Retrieved from: http://www. livestrong. com/article/325109-harmful-psychological-effects-of-caffeine/ Spiller, G. S. (1998). Caffeine. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Gaskins, P. (1998, Caffeine is addictive. Scholastic Choices, 14, 7-7. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/208801684? accountid=36304 Bartlett, M. B. (2011). Pros of caffeine. Retrieved from http://www. livestrong. com/article/501876-pros-of-caffeine/

48 Shades of Brown

q Life for a 16 old teenage boy was all about to be different. Dan, a typical teenager has all the interests a normal male would. While Dan’s parents are in Geneva, he stays with his aunt Jacq, a fashionable, and techno flavored, short haired, 23 year old uni student, in Brisbane. While staying there, he encounters a test of adult responsibilities, first love and battling through adolescence. Teenagers have been pressured into doing things they don’t want to do, Dan gives us an example of teenagers giving into peer pressure, forced to say that he was a student studying law at University. Teens who are being pressured by their peers think that they will become more popular if they do the [pic] ‘cool’ thing even if it can cause themselves harm. Teenagers these days are dealing with peer pressure every day, from mates telling them to lie to their friends and family, drinking when they are underage and/or don’t want too. Dan discovers that his life isn’t that easy, winning people’s hearts, remembering 48 shades of brown, drinking under age and peer pressure. This play shows how teenagers relate to real life, what they go through every day, what challenges they have to pass through, even what things they need to remember, such as passing school, remembering things for exams, juggling schoolwork and a social life. Dan’s first love starts right at the start of the book with one of Jacq’s uni friends who is currently a second-year Psychology student, Naomi, a pretty blonde 18 year old. Dan quickly realizes that Naomi has a thing for people who can name things, such as naming trees. When Dan realizes this, he tries to learn every shade of brown to impress the girl and win her heart. Teens will do anything to impress their ‘first loves’ from remembering things for them, to impressing them with flowers, teens these days think that the other gender has a big impact in their lives, but sometimes this can cause them to forget the real things in life, like study and family. People forget what things are important in life as well, like school work, getting good grades to maintain a good OP, to set you up in life, but don’t forget family, family is something you need to be by your side, teenagers continue to forget what family they have, parent and siblings are wondering why teenagers are changing. While at Jacq’s uni party, Dan gets himself into a sticky situation, he is pressured into lying to a girl called Imogen who is intoxicated, who continues to flirt with Dan while he is interested in Naomi. Dan goes with the flow and allows her to make out with him in his room, until Imogen becomes not to well and throws up all over him. This is happening more regularly, people drink too much, dance a little, make out a little, and become sick. Teens are continuing drink more and more every weekend, we are continuing to hear about parties that are going wrong, people who are drunk and becoming violent or just being taken to hospital for drinking too much and having their stomach pumped. In this play, Philip Dean, has shown the relevance to what a normal teenager’s life would be, with a couple of bumps on the way. From love, to adolescences, he has shown the real way a male teenagers mind would work, what challenges in life, what things they need to remember; just like ‘48 Shades of Brown’.

Neils Bohr and Atomic Theory essays

Neils Bohr and Atomic Theory essays In ancient Greek the word atom meant the smallest indivisible particle that could be conceived. The atom was thought of as indestructible; in fact, the Greek word for atom means "not divisible." Knowledge about the size and make up of the atom grew very slowly as scientific theory progressed. What we know/theorize about the atom now began with a core theory devised by Democrotus, a Greek philosopher who proposed that matter consisted of various types of tiny discrete particles and that the properties of matter were determined by the properties of these particles. This core theory was then modified and altered over years by Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bhor, and Chadwick. The atoms original structure was simple, but as more and more research was done the atom became more complex and puzzling The five atomic theories of the past two centuries represent the sudden advancement of science in modern times. Beginning with a basic theory on the behavior of atoms to the current model, some changes have been made, and some ideas are still the same. Ancient Greek philosophers believed that everything was made up of invisible particles called atoms. Since then the theory of atoms did not progress until 1803. John Dalton was the first scientist to compose a theory of matter based on atoms. Dalton's atomic theory is based on four concepts. He stated: "1. All elements are composed of atoms, which are indivisible and 2. All atoms of the same element are exactly alike; in particular, they 3. Atoms of different elements are different; in particular, they have 4. Compounds are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more All of Dalton's ideas account for the laws of definite and multiple proportions and the law of conservation of mass. Some of Dalton's points are still thought to be true, but over time this original theory has been modified. The first of these modifications came in 1897 when J.J. Thomson discovered ...

Human rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Human rights - Research Paper Example The current international human rights paradigm emerges from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. This supra-national charter focused on the specific principles and goals of international human rights legislation and has served to guide the behavior of nations. (Beitz, 2009) The Declaration lays out the structure of rights system and describes the mechanisms that must exist within institutions. What this means is that a legal system can be understood as a control system which is instrumental in controlling and regulating the actions of its individuals. Yet, there is also an urgent necessity to restrain government in its wielding of power to avoid civil liberty and human rights abuses (Glendon, 2001). Therefore, a mechanism must exist to ensure proper redress within an institution or society to protect this vital but delicate balance. Examples of the fragility of this balance are plentiful. While many societies will agree that for instance freedom of assembly is guarante ed in many situations the government and police have failed to protect this right.

The Role of Central Bank of Saudi Arabia in the Global Crisis Dissertation

The Role of Central Bank of Saudi Arabia in the Global Crisis - Dissertation Example The experience of the banking system of Saudi Arabia during the global financial crisis which ravaged the financial markets globally since mid-2007 is required to be answered. While many economies around the globe were negatively and severely affected, especially developed countries, during the crisis in 2008 and 2009 but the Saudi economy has shown resilience and strong growth of the economy. The experience of Saudi Arabia in respect of domestic financial intermediation and international banking was relatively positive during this tough time. Though being affected moderately by the deteriorating conditions of global financial markets, the domestic financial market of Saudi Arabia continuously functioned in an efficient and effective manner. The Central Bank of Saudi Arabia has played a vital role in keeping the strength of the economy during the crisis period. So, the hypothesis to be tested is the measure taken by the Central Bank of Saudi Arabia to maintain sound economic growth d uring the crisis period also.Economic developments of Saudi Arabia during 2008 and 2009 During the five year period 2004-08, the economy of Saudi Arabia fared well by international standards reflecting 4.4% growth rate in real GDP and 19% average surplus in government fiscal. All economic sectors were propelled with this, especially the banking sector which showered great benefits. In 2008, growth in real GDP was 4.5% with 4.8% growth in the oil sector.