We Need a Retirement Plan Free Essays

With the manner in which the economy is today, we need all the cash we can get particularly when we resign. The subject of my paper is â€Å"We needn't bother with a retirement plan since government disability will cover our requirements when we resign. This is a theme that I firmly can't help contradicting; Social Security alone won't be sufficient to cover our necessities when we resign. We will compose a custom exposition test on We Need a Retirement Plan or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Government managed savings or SSI is a program financed through general incomes; it is intended to help grown-ups who are visually impaired, the old and incapacitated individuals who have almost no pay. SSI gives money to address fundamental issues for food, apparel, and asylum. Regardless of whether you can get SSI relies upon your pay and things you own. SSI benefits are payable to grown-ups who have constrained salary and assets, meet the living necessities, and are in any case qualified. On the off chance that you don’t fall into any of these classes and you have just resigned without a retirement plan, you won’t have a wellspring of pay to help yourself. The Federal advantage rate for a SSI installment is $674 dollars, as we as a whole know $674. 0 isn't about enough to live, and that may just be sufficient to pay your lease. You will in any case have other everyday costs, for example, food, bills, and individual things, also medicinal services. Despite the fact that there is Medicaid, and Medicare yet not every person is qualified to get those advantages. These are a couple of reasons why Social Security won't be sufficient to cover our requirements when we resig n without a retirement plan. With Social Security there is no assurance that you will fit the bill to get installment. SSI depends on your salary, cash that you get, for example, wedges, other SSI advantages, and benefits. The measure of pay you can get every month and still get SSI relies somewhat upon where you live. A portion of the assets utilized in the capability procedure are; land, ledgers, stocks and bonds, and money. You might have the option to get SSI benefits if your assets merit close to $2,000. A couple might be qualified to get SSI benefits if their assets merit close to $3,000. Another huge issue with retirement is Health Care. Sure Medical protection is incorporated when you get Social Security called Medicare and Medicaid, however again you need to fit the bill for that too. You may believe that Medicaid and Medicare are the equivalent; really they are two unique projects. Medicaid is a state run program that gives emergency clinic and clinical inclusion to individuals with low salary and practically no assets. Each state has its own standards about who is qualified and what is secured under Medicaid. The program assists with the expense of medicinal services, however it doesn't over every clinical cost or the expense of most long haul care. Medicare is financed by a bit of the finance charges paid by laborers and their bosses. It likewise is financed to a limited extent by month to month premiums deducted from Social Security checks. A few people meet all requirements for both Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare is our country’s health care coverage program for individuals age 65 or more seasoned. Cer tain individuals more youthful than age 65 can fit the bill for Medicare, as well, including the individuals who have handicaps and the individuals who have perpetual kidney disappointment or amyotrophic horizontal sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s malady). So as to fit the bill for Medicare before the age of 65 in the event that; you have been qualified for Social Security inability benefits for two years; or you get a handicap annuity from the railroad retirement board and meet certain conditions; or you worked long enough in an administration work where Medicare charges were paid and you meet the necessities of the Social Security incapacity program; or you are the kid or the widow(er) age 50, or more established, including a separated widow(er), of somebody who has worked long enough in an administration work where Medicare charges were paid and you meet the prerequisite of the Social Security handicap program. During my exploration I had the option to talk with 3 individuals; Thomas Burrell a resigned veteran who has SSI and retirement, Kathy Burrell resigned from the educational system that just has retirement, and Thelma Kelly an older lady who is resigned however just gets SSI. Mr. Burrell is resigned from the military in 1991, resigned from the United States Postal Service in 2001; he began to get SSI benefits in 2001. At the point when I talked with Mr. Burrell, he had a great deal to state about SSI and retirement. Despite the fact that he is accepting both, he realizes that in the event that he just had one advantage he would not have the option to keep up his way of life. By Mr. Burrell accepting SSI and retirement he can accommodate his family. To the extent human services goes, Mr. Burrell has Medicare. By him getting retirement he doesn't meet all requirements for Medicaid which will cover the entirety of your clinical needs. You are not raking in some serious cash with either the SSI advantage or retirement, however with both consolidated you will have the option to endure. T. Burrell (individual correspondence, April 6, 2011) Kathy Burrell, who has recently resigned in January of this current year, just has a retirement plan and no SSI benefits. Mrs. Burrell resigned through the Florida Retirement System (FRS) and the 401K arrangement, and being utilized in Florida you need to hold up 4 months after you resign to get to your cash. You should have a salary to go on until you get your full retirement. Mrs. Burrell realizes that she can't make due on retirement alone. On the off chance that she didn’t have a spouse, after she resigned she would need to get another type of pay to make a decent living. To the extent medicinal services goes, If Mrs. Burrell didn't have military protection from her better half; she would not have or have the option to bear the cost of it. K. Burrell (individual correspondence, April 6, 2011) Thelma Kelly an inhabitant of Columbia, South Carolina has been resigned for as far back as 15 years. Mrs. Kelly who is a widow has been getting SSI profits by her late spouse, and in light of the fact that she is qualified. Mrs. Kelly gets $700. 00 per month, says that it is a gift that she doesn't have a house installment since she would not have the option to bear the cost of it. Mrs. Kelly battles each month to make her $700. 00 a month check keep going for food, gas, service bills, and other individual things. T. Kelly (individual correspondence, April 6) taking everything into account it is advantageous to have a retirement plan alongside Social Security advantages to have the option to help yourself. As referenced before there are a great deal of specifications and necessities so as to fit the bill for Social Security. Government disability alone won't be sufficient to cover our requirements when we resign. Step by step instructions to refer to We Need a Retirement Plan, Papers

Modern Slavery In The USA free essay sample

I turned into an understudy at the college in 2010 and I was keen on nursing and brain science. Both these fields of studies expected me to take two English classes and English W132 was one of them. I realized it would have been like W131 yet not as hard. At the point when one catches wind of a composing class, they don't feel that it tends to be very tedious and including a great deal of research work and contemplating. Human dealing has been a significant social unfairness and furthermore viewed as a deplorable wrongdoing. We as individuals have interacted with an individual who is a casualty however we don't perceive that that individual is being held hostage and utilized as a slave worker. Human dealing isn't permitted in the US however in light of the fact that it is the law doesn't imply that it doesn't exist. Theme and question at Issue This point intrigues me since I watch a ton of TV and see the anguish and torment individuals experience all around the word when they fall survivor of human dealing. We will compose a custom exposition test on Present day Slavery In The USA or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It harms a ton that I can't resist the opportunity to simply paying heed and choosing to expound on it causes me to become familiar with the issue and I can have the option to teach my companions about it. This is a human rights issue since it damages the privileges of individuals to have opportunity. We reserve an option to claim our own property, live openly and appreciate life’s essential needs yet the dealers deny their casualties this right. They hold them prisoner and treat them like the rubbish of the earth. We are largely equivalent and everybody merits an opportunity to be in a reasonable and simply world and when this is removed, an individual resembles a slave in a spot that should ensure them. As I compose my last contention for this class, my inquiry at issue is â€Å"has the US done what's needed to battle human dealing or do they have to institute stricter laws and punishments to secure the people in question? † this inquiry has truly developed since I begun investigate on my paper and the more research I did, the more the inquiry turned out to be progressively significant and I needed to discover replies to it. It amazed me to discover that in the US, human dealing has not generally been in the fore front of issues. Truly, laws have been gone ahead to ensure the people in question however they have not been appropriately upheld and this is because of our administration authorities bombing us. The individuals who are sworn y=to ensure and serve the residents, particularly law implementers have been defaced by covetousness and have been accepting hush money from the dealers. This thus has made the casualties so frightened to report the torment and misuse they experience and end up simply enduring in the hands of their captors. Enthymeme and Argument After much research, I wound up with the accompanying enthymeme â€Å"the United States may need to accomplish more to battle human dealing in light of the fact that the laws are every now and again not being authorized appropriately, it is persistently expanding, and it is regularly because of powerless punishments. † After perusing all the teachers remarks and accomplishing more research on my subject, I understood that the above enthymeme is the thing that I expected to concentrate on when I am composing my last contention. I added qualifiers to make my case progressively reasonable. I need my crowd to realize that I present this case with certain vulnerability since I am careful and basic about the information and research I am introducing. The qualifiers I utilized are may, much of the time and frequently and they show the peruser that my case has constraints because of the exploration I have directed. They additionally show my crowd that my case can be contended in light of the fact that the qualifiers are causing them to accept that my case is legitimate. The time has come for the United States thought of better laws and stiffer punishments to battle human dealing. There are a few laws that have been set up to stop this sort of social treachery however not upheld viably. As of now, the inquiry at issue isn't whether the United States has done what's necessary to stop the exchange of people however basically â€Å"Should the United States accomplish more to battle human dealing? † I thought of this inquiry subsequent to perusing a great deal of writing on human dealing and discovering that it is as yet a progressing issue which has never been canceled. We are in the 21st. century and have not yet discovered an answer for battle human exchange which is a grievous unspeakable atrocity. Subsequent to examining a great deal on this theme and doing some spirit looking, I chose to take the accompanying position; human dealing ought to be unlawful in light of the fact that it’s a grave social foul play against humankind. To back up this case of arrangement, I took to the web to make myself increasingly acquainted with the issue. There were a great deal ofâ journal articles that were talking about the various ways that the legislature has attempted to stop human dealing however the vast majority of them were reasoning that the laws were not extreme enough and that some administration authorities were engaged with the exchange. Human dealing is the most exceedingly terrible wrongdoing that can be submitted by anybody since it denies an individual the privilege to opportunity and uniformity making it a grave social bad form. Another explanation is that I needed to return to the meaning of human dealing from all edges. I needed to consider kid work, constrained work, sex work of men, ladies and kids, and the elements that lead to dealing. I decided to pick the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons in Palermo, Italy (2000) meaning of human dealing which expresses that it is â€Å"the enrollment, transportation, move, harboring or receipt of people, by methods for the danger or utilization of power or different types of pressure, of kidnapping, of misrepresentation, of duplicity, of maltreatment of intensity or of a place of defenselessness or of the giving or getting of installments or advantages to accomplish the assent of an individual having authority over someone else, with the end goal of exploitation† (Gozdziak, and Collett 6). This definition doesn't express that human dealing just influences one sex or gathering of individuals however rather incorporates all human paying little mind to age, sexual orientation and sex. A portion of my sources have recorded various meanings of human dealing and generally focusing on ladies and little youngsters. This paper is kept in touch with a group of people with a foundation of social equity issues and that additionally incorporates my schoolmates and educator. I accept that we as a whole offer a similar presumption that human dealing ought to be illicit on the grounds that it is an egregious unspeakable atrocity while denying them the rights and opportunity that should upgrade their prosperity. The casualties experience brutal and unreasonable treatment which none of us can envision experiencing and therefore, I mean to convince my crowd that my paper is applicable and believable. It will have clear motivations to back up my case from all the examination work I have directed. My crowd should address the topic of whether the legislature has just done what's necessary to stop human dealing. I should be cautious when discussing the laws ordered on the grounds that I will address this issue occurring in the United States regardless of whether I am just a lasting occupant as opposed to being a resident. A portion of my crowd individuals may feel like I am meddling with their administrative arrangements and I am not even initially from here. I additionally need to make my paper simple to peruse and directly to the point as opposed to attempting to make them look for the concealed back rubs. The best proof that I have found so far is a great deal of writing expounded on this issue, particularly peer inspected articles composed by prestigious writers and analysts. The vast majority of the writing articles are from distributed scholastic diaries from individuals who have committed their examination exclusively on human dealing. The vast majority of these articles bolster my case that poses the inquiry â€Å"which laws are gone ahead to stop human dealing? † The examination articles that I have assembled have a great deal of proof and clarifications on the issue that United States has not sanctioned better laws to battle human dealing. They do bolster my case that insufficient has been done to stop this continuous issue and furthermore show that the laws ordered are not being completely authorized by the administration authorities. A few counterarguments will emerge while composing my last paper and the greatest one I have so far is that there isn't sufficient research led before or present for me to reach my decisions and completely bolster my case. I should respond to the subject of â€Å"what if the US has just done what's necessary to stop human dealing? † Another one will be that the United States has advanced enough assets to stop human dealing however people are simply the ones exposing to this sort of barbarities since they are attempting to run from their nations of origin to better themselves in the United States consequently making the wrongdoing a troublesome one to arraign. A large portion of my articles will be the proof I use in the counter to show that the administration is the one that has neglected to establish stricter measures to check this illegal exchange of people. Assets Right now I have twenty sources that all talk about human dealing and the laws that have been presented. The greater part of my sources are from the web through online companion explored diaries, online magazines and distributions, associations that are against human dealing, and online articles from licensed writers. I utilized the library databases from my school (IUPUI) and the one I saw as accommodating was Academic Search Premier. One of my sources is a book composed explicitly to address human dealing in the United States. The majority of the sources are under ten years of age and some have been refreshed of late making them current. My creators are additionally analysts who have done a ton of work about human dealing and have extraordinary information

Buy Book Reports Online at Affordable Prices

Buy Book Reports Online at Affordable Prices Book Reports Online Home›Book Reports OnlineWhy You Should Buy a Book Report OnlineIt is not a secret that the process of education is rather tough nowadays since students have to complete a great number of tasks within short deadlines. Being under the constant pressure, learners do not want to miss a wonderful opportunity to purchase book reports online written from scratch. Hundreds of students come to us every day in order to get professional assistance in writing different academic papers. We provide them with top quality services and help achieve the set goals!   Many students are wondering where they can buy book reports that will be of high quality and written according to the book report requirements. Students are afraid of the risks they may face when they find some book report writing service. There are many cases when students became victims of frauds when they wanted to buy book reports and placed orders at online writing companies. Some customers received a book repor t that was heavily plagiarized or was already submitted by another client. Therefore, the reasons why students feel so cautious when they buy book reports are evident. It is not a secret that you are required to read many books when taking a course. What is more, professors believe that you will analyze every single book thoroughly and comprehensively. Oftentimes, your teachers want you to write a summary of the book to prove that you have really read it from cover to cover. Students have encountered a dilemma: is it worth to risk money and buy the book report from some book report writing service?Book report writing can be so inspiring if you know how to do it right.  But if you dont? We recommend you not to wait for motivation or inspiration.  We can write an excellent book report right now. (Only Reliable Payment Systems)When you face such a situation, come to QualityCustomEssays.com  to buy a book report online. One of our professionals will write an excellent summary that is fu ll of details. In addition, the usage of relevant quotes and citations is ensured. Our writers know how to come up with a high quality book report since they have written thousands of papers for our valued customers. To make sure that we provide first-class book reports, check our samples. Rest assured that we tell the truth! Thus, do not hesitate to order a supreme quality essay at QualityCustomEssays.com.Excellent Book Report Writing

Week 3, Learning Team - Aggregate Demand and Supply Models...

An Economic Critique of Aggregate Demand and Supply Models An Economic Critique of Aggregate Demand and Supply Models The recent fall of the United States economy has created a society of fear, insecurity, and doubtful investors, retirees, and consumers world-wide. Economists from around the world have come together to solve world-wide economic issues and bring stability back to businesses, households, and the government. Economics teaches you how to approach problems; it does not provide what is right or what is wrong, nor does it provide you with a definitive answer. Consistent evaluation of economic factors like unemployment, economic expectations, consumer income, and interest rates, can prove to be highly effective.†¦show more content†¦The effects of inflation, government regulation and taxes can all play an important part in developing classical economic theories. Classical economists also take into account the effects of other current policies and how new economic theory will improve or distort the free market environment (D ifferences Between Classical amp; Keynesian Economics, 2013). Consumer Income As of June 2013, median household incomes were up $598 month-over-month and $960 year-over-year. According to U.S. Department of Commerce (2013), â€Å"wages and salaries, the largest component of personal income, increased 0.5 percent in June after increasing 0.3 percent in May.† Personal expenditure is the vast element to aggregate demand. It is set on a household’s disposable income. There will be a shift to the left on aggregate demand if consumers buy more output at the price level. The current fiscal policy in place as it relates to consumer income states that the government can increase or decrease taxes on household income. An increase in taxes means a decrease in disposable income, because it will take money out of households. The opposite holds true if there is a decrease in taxes, because it will leave households with more money. Disposable income accounts for two-thirds of total demand. Economist had forecast a 0.1% rise, but reports show tha t spending fell 0.2% in May 2013 when adjusted for inflation. It is suggested that consumers pulled back from spending due toShow MoreRelatedeco3721430 Words   |  6 PagesWorkshop 3 = February 13, 2014 Workshop 4 = February 20, 2014 Workshop 5 = February 27, 2014 Instructor contact information: Jack Abbott Cell phone, 714-337-6092 Email, jbabbott@cox.net Course Description This course provides students with the basic theories, concepts, terminology, and uses of macroeconomics. Students learn practical applications for macroeconomics in their personal and professional lives through assimilation of fundamental concepts and analysis of actual economic eventsRead MoreBus515 Week 3 Assignment 1 Bus 515 Week 3 Assignment 14970 Words   |  20 PagesBUS 515 BUS515 Complete Course Click below link for Answer Visit www.workbank247.com http://workbank247.com/q/bus-515-complete-course/2105 http://workbank247.com/q/bus-515-complete-course/2105 BUS515 week 1 Discussion 1 Understanding OM Please respond to the following: Compare and contrast an existing organization’s three major functions (i.e., finance, marketing, and operations), and then justify the interdependence that operations have to finance and marketing. Provide examples to supportRead MoreMarketing Literature Review11908 Words   |  48 Pagesdatabase or about obtaining photocopies of the articles abstracted here, please call (800) 626-2823 or write to UMI, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106. SUBJECT HEADINGS 1. THE 1.1 1.2 1.3 MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Consumer Behavior Legal, Political, and Economic Issues Ethics and Social Responsibility MYRON LEONARD, Editor Western Carolina University 1. THE MARKETING ENVIRONMENT 1.1 Consumer Behavior See also 28, 60, 61, 62, 86, 89, 99, 103, 111, 112, 116, 120, 123, 125, 126, 151, 158, 163, 164, 171Read MoreSelected Topics24764 Words   |  100 Pages | |EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY | |Faculty of Business and Economics | |Department of Business Administration Read MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesManagement Beast 2 The Design School Strategy Formation as a Process of Conception 3 The Planning School Strategy Formation as a Formal Process 4 The Positioning School Strategy Formation as an Analytical Process ix 1 23 47 81 5 The Entrepreneurial School Strategy Formation as a Visionary Process 123 6 The Cognitive School Strategy Formation as a Mental Process 149 7 The Learning School Strategy Formation as an Emergent Process 175 8 The Power School StrategyRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesor by any information storage or retrieval system, must be arranged with the individual copyright holders noted. This special edition published in cooperation with Pearson Custom Publishing. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0–536–72690–6 BA 996748 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300 Boston, MA 02116 A Pearson Education Company iii iv Table of Contents SECTION ONE ..........Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesChippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the British tradition of academic accounting. Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings, he has been open to a wide variety of other ideas, recognizing their intellectual strengthsRead MoreCorporate Finance69408 Words   |  278 PagesCorporate finance P. Frantz, R. Payne, J. Favilukis FN3092, 2790092 2011 Undergraduate study in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences This subject guide is for a Level 3 course (also known as a ‘300 course’) offered as part of the University of London International Programmes in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences. This is equivalent to Level 6 within the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (FHEQ). For moreRead MoreData, Analytics, and Competitive Advantage14733 Words   |  59 Pages10.1 Introduction Learning Objectives 1. Understand how increasingly standardized data, access to third-party data sets, cheap, fast computing and easier-to-use software are collectively enabling a new age of decision making. 2. Be familiar with some of the enterprises that have benefited from data-driven, fact-based decision making. The planet is awash in data. Cash registers ring up transactions worldwide. Web browsers leave a trail of cookie crumbs nearly everywhere they go. And with radioRead MoreTechnology in Hotel Industry14045 Words   |  57 PagesCOMMUNICATION IN Ramp;D COLLABORATION Author : HEIDI OLANDER, PIA HURMELINNA-LAUKKANEN Source : International Journal of Innovation Management. Jun2010, Vol. 14 issue 3, p415-433, 19p, 1 diagram, 4 images. Abstract : Prior research has shown that the level of communication has an on the learning outcomes in Ramp;D alliances and, subsequently, on performance. The level of communication depends on issues such as the systems that enhance knowledge sharing and the factors that

Comparing Shakespeares Othello with Conrads Heart of...

Comparing Shakespeare’s Othello with Conrad’s Heart of Darkness It is often that when we read great works of literature we come across similar themes. Authors use powerful ideas that they believe will move their readers and relate to them so they become engaged in the words written. William Shakespeare and Joseph Conrad were amazing writers of their times and even though their works were written almost 300 years apart, both, Othello and Heart of Darkness, have coinciding themes. The major theme that both Shakespeare and Conrad tackled was racism and the concept of whites versus blacks. The play Othello tells the story of a black general by the name of Othello and the betrayal, lies, and deception that comes about when marrying a†¦show more content†¦He uses derogatory and offensive remarks that devalue people of color and make them out to be savages. Chinua Achebe, a well-known writer, talked about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, entitled An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. Throughout his essay, Achebe notes how Conrad set Africa up as a foil to Europe,(Achebe) while he also projects the image of Africa as â€Å"the other world†. Africa is said to be a â€Å"prehistoric† world. Conrad described this land as non-advanced and inferior to the western countries. Another theme that was portrayed by both Othello and Heart of Darkness was that of good versus evil. What was ironic about this theme was that it was somewhat opposite and strange for the time period they were both written in. In both works it seemed as if blacks were seen as the good and innocent while the whites were seen on the evil side. African heritage is usually portrayed in a negative light and it was not the case in these pieces. Othello was looked as somewhat of a black hero and Iago was considered the white nemesis. Iago’s deceitful ways brings light to Othello’s true character, a great general and man. Conrad shows the Africans as innocent victims to the white man’s’ chaos. The white men, even though they are shown more powerful, are the ones seen in the dark. Racism and good versus evil come down to the idea of the white man versus the black man. These ideas have been in and out of

Psychology 300 Final Exam Free Essays

Final Exam 1 PSY/300 Final Exam: PSY/300 (Weeks 1-5) Multiple Choice1. Erik Erikson argues that an understanding of an individual’s behavior requires consideration of: A) Biological events B) Psychological experience C) Cultural and historical context D) all of the above 2. The aim of biopsychology (also referred to as behavioral neuroscience) is to: A) Link soma and somette in order to understand how emotions manifest themselves behaviorally B) Investigate the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as motivation, emotion, and stress C) Understand the complex interactions of the nervous system D) Study how thoughts and feelings influence an individual’s biological reactions 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology 300 Final Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first laboratory in Psychology was founded in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879 by: A) Sigmund Freud B) Wilhelm Wundt C) William James D) Rene Descartes 4. The approach to psychology which involved devising a method for uncovering the basic elements of consciousness and the way they combine with each other into ideas was known as A) Structuralism B) Behaviorialism Final Exam 2 PSY/300 C) Functionalism D) Elementarism 5. Which field of psychology argues that one’s perception of the pieces will be influenced when seeing them as parts of the whole? A) Evolutionary B) Perceptual C) Empirical D) Gestalt 6. A hypothesis is best characterized as: A) A procedure that precedes a theoretical framework B) Any phenomenon that can change from one situation to another C) A systematic way of organizing and explaining observations D) A tentative belief about the relationship between two or more variables 7. To ensure that I am a good researcher, I gave the same questionnaire to the same participants at three different points in time. I hope to get ssentially the same answers. If I do, then I can conclude that my experiment has: A) Internal validity B) External validity C) Inter-rater reliability D) test-retest reliability 8. When it comes to the ethics of animal research, which one of the following is NOT an issue? A) Some animals are cuter than others B) Whether animals have rights Final Exam 3 PSY/300 C) To what extent humans can use other creatures to solve human problems D) That animals cannot give informed consent 9. Information is sent to the brain via the sensory or _____ neurons. A) Afferent B) Motor C) Transient D) Inter 10. Axons are responsible for A) Receiving information from other cells B) Transmitting information to other neurons C) Increasing the transmission speed of messages D) Determining how that particular neuron will manipulate input 11. There are two types of neurotransmitters. They are: A) Inhibitory and synaptic B) Modulating and excitatory C) Inhibitory and excitatory D) Modulating and synaptic 12. The part of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the sense of touch and feeling one’s own body in space is the: A) Parietal lobe B) Occipital lobe C) Temporal lobe D) Frontal lobe Final Exam 4 PSY/300 13. Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of sensation and perception? A) Sensation and perception require strong enough impulses to surpass minimal thresholds B) Sensation and perception are active processes C) There is no one-to-one correspondence between physical and psychological reality D) Sensation and perception are adaptive 4. What kind of learning can be achieved through classical conditioning? A) Learning that an event occurred B) Learning that people have certain patterns of behavior C) Learning that two events are related D) Learning that a behavior produces a particular result 15. As you drive down the street, a leaf hits your windshield. You know that it is not going to break the windshield and yet you blink anyway. In classical conditioning, blinking t o an object that is about to hit you in the face is a/an: A) CS B) CR C) UCS D) UCR 16. You recently noticed that eating sour candy causes extra salivation as your body reacts to the sour taste. You love sour candy and eat it often. The other day you purchased a new bag of sour candy and as you were looking at the bag, you noticed that you were salivating. The sour candy is a: A) CS B) CR C) UCS Final Exam 5 PSY/300 D) UCR 17. The purpose of Watson’s experiment involving little Albert was to determine if: A) Infants are innately capable of learning fear B) Phobias do exist C) Babies are just as susceptible as adults to fears D) Emotional responses can be learned 8. An important distinction between operant and classical conditioning is that: A) Classical conditioning can be used to extinguish an undesirable response while operant conditioning tends to be incapable of doing so B) In classical conditioning responses are elicited while in operant conditioning they are emitted C) Classical conditioning works best with mammals and operant conditioning works best with b irds and rodents D) Classical conditioning requires an experimenter and operant conditioning does not 9. The theory of motivation that states that people are motivated by wishes and fears is A) The cognitive approach B) The psychodynamic approach C) The biological approach D) None of the above 20. ERG theory condenses Maslow’s hierarchy of needs into three distinct levels: A) Elementary, reproductive and goal realization B) Elementary, relatedness, and growth C) Existence, relatedness, and growth D) Existence, reproductive, and goal realization Final Exam 6 PSY/300 21. The part of the brain that is responsible for registering the emotional significance of objects is the A) Hypothalamus B) Limbic system C) Cortex D) Amygdala 22. Which one of the following describes a person who is fixated in the latent stage? A) person with problems committing to a relationship B) Person who is uninterested in sex C) A smoker D) Person over 40 who has never moved out of their parents’ home 23. Which of the following refers to setting goals, evaluating performance, and adjusting behavior to achieve these goals in the context of ongoing feedback? A) goal-establishment B) outcome-management C) potential-realization D) Self-regulation 24. Which of the following factors in the Five Factor Model is believed to be the least heritable? A) Agreeableness B) Neuroticism C) Extraversion D) Openness Final Exam 7 PSY/300 25. The very last developmental crisis adult’s face, according to Erikson at least, is: A) Intimacy versus isolation B) Integrity versus despair C) Generativity versus stagnation D) Acceptance versus despondence 26. Piaget argued all of the following EXCEPT: A) Children’s thought processes are creative but constrained by physical realities and brain development B) Children experience the same stages in the same order C) Children are motivated to make sense of what they experience, integrating what they know D) Cognitive efficiency is influenced by children’s knowledge base 27. According to the psychodynamic viewpoint on moral development, children initially are relatively: A) Evil B) Narcissistic C) good D) Saintly 8. When determining a diagnosis for treating mental disorders, the different axes refer to: A) The symptoms, personality disturbances, medical conditions, and environmental stressors B) The severity of the disorder and the extent to which it will interfere with daily life C) The domain of life which will be most disrupted by the disorder, such as work, school, or relationships D) The types of emotional, physical, or social disruption that can be expected from a particula r disorder Final Exam 8 PSY/300 29. Which of the following is an umbrella term for a number of psychotic disorders that involve disturbances in nearly every dimension of human physiology, including thought, perception, behavior, language, communication, and emotion? A) Schizophrenia B) Personality disorder C) Mood disorder D) Dissociative disorder 30. Which personality disorder is marked by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of separation and abandonment, manipulativeness, and impulsive behavior? A) Narcissistic B) Antisocial C) Borderline D) Histrionic 31. Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that A) Relaxation training can aid people with schizophrenia B) Physical contact with other people is essential for contact comfort C) Through early experiences people learn to fear social interactions D) Through classical conditioning people have associated fear with previously neutral stimuli 32. Antipsychotic medications reduce symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations by _____ activity within the brain. A) Increasing epinephrine B) Inhibiting serotonin C) Inhibiting dopamine Final Exam 9 PSY/300 D) Increasing glutamate 33. The goal of antidepressant medications such as SSRIs is to: A) Keep serotonin acting longer in the synapses of the brain? B) Keep people from making irrational associations between ideas C) Reduce body weight and make people feel better about them D) Reduce anxiety that leads to depression 34. Characteristics that are attributed to people based on their membership in a specific group, and that are often over-generalized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information are called: A) Prejudices B) Biases C) Stereotypes D) Discrimination 5. Cognitive bias in social cognition is thought to be the result of: A) Heuristics that can lead people awry B) Schemas and attributions being influenced by wishes, needs, and desires C) People frequently lacking the time to make accurate attributions D) all of the above 36. The relationship between personality and self-schemas can be seen in a number of ways. Which one of the following is NOT true of that relationship? A) People who feel disappointment, dissatisfaction, shame, and embarrassment have a discrepancy between actual and ideal selves B) People who feel anxiety, fear, resentment, guilt, self-contempt, or uneasiness have a discrepancy between actual and ought selves C) People who experience feelings of failure, social rejection, isolation, and a lack of Final Exam 10 PSY/300 accomplishment have a discrepancy between ideal and ought selves D) All of the above are true of the relationship between personality and self-schemas 37. Companionate love involves: A) Wild emotions, intense physiological arousal, and absorption in another person B) Deep affection, friendship, and emotional intimacy C) Acquaintance cordiality, friendship, and societal responsibility D) Selflessness, altruism, and reciprocal giving 38. Behaving in a way that helps another person with no apparent gain, or with potential cost, to oneself is known as: A) Selfless gratification B) Ego protection C) Ethical hedonism D) Altruism 39. Which of the following is a drawback of antianxiety medications? A) They can cause physiological dependence. B) There is a high relapse rate when the drugs are discontinued. C) They can cause psychological dependence. D) All of the above. 40. The three broad classes of psychopathology distinguished by psychodynamic theorists are: A) anxiety disorders, personality disorders, somatoform disorders B) organic disorders, developmental disorders, experiential disorders C) cognitive dysfunctions, behavioral abnormalities, interpersonal maladies D) personality disorders, neuroses, psychoses Final Exam 11 PSY/300 How to cite Psychology 300 Final Exam, Essay examples

The Little Prince Quote Analysis Essay Example

The Little Prince Quote Analysis Paper Quote 1: â€Å"When you’re finished washing and dressing each morning, you must tend to your planet. † The Little Prince’s planet could be a metaphor for a number of things. My interpretation is that the Little Prince living on his own little planet is equal to a person that lives in their mind, or in â€Å"their own little world†. So really I view the little planet as a smaller simpler view of the world. And when I apply that perspective to this quote, it takes on a whole new meaning. The Little Prince spends a few minutes each day tearing up the baobabs that grow on his planet. As a metaphor, this seems to me to be akin to meditation, or something similar. At least a few minutes each day, I suppose, should be spent in the mind, sorting out one’s thoughts and pulling up the baobabs. If you spend too much time outside your little world in the adult world, there is a good chance that the baobabs will grow too large and outgrow your little world. Quote 2: â€Å"Only children know what they’re looking for†¦ They spend their time on a rag doll and it becomes very important, and if it’s taken away from them, they cry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Children possess a certain view of things that most adults don’t understand. We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Prince Quote Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Prince Quote Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Prince Quote Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A child’s focus is very narrow. The child only sees the here and the now, and throws all of his focus upon it. When the child is given the rag doll, he focuses on the rag doll, and begins to understand it. The rag doll becomes meaningful to him. That is why the child cries when the rag doll is taken away. For that moment the rag doll was his entire world, and his entire world was taken away in an instant. As the child matures and becomes an adult, he learns new things and his point of view broadens. If an adult is given a rag doll, he won’t understand it as the child does. He has a job and a car and a girlfriend, so a rag doll does not matter to him. It’s silly for him to be given a rag doll. The adult does not focus on just one thing at a time as the child does. He looks at the broader picture and decides that the here and now is not so important. Furthermore, when the child cries after the rag doll is taken away, the adult cannot understand why. He does not understand the child’s point of view because he does not understand the child. And perhaps he doesn’t understand the child because he compares the child to other things. The adults always try to look at the big picture, but maybe the big picture would be easier to look at if they only look at one part at a time. Quote 3: â€Å"When I was a little boy, the Christmas-tree lights, the music of midnight mass, the tenderness of people’s smiles made up†¦ the whole radiance of the Christmas present I received. † A point repeated by the author and portrayed nicely in this quote is that tangible things are valueless. It is the experiences surrounding them that make them important. An example is the narrator and the Little Prince’s journey to the well. Had the well been closer to his crash site, it would not have tasted as sweet because the experience surrounding it would not have existed. In fact, by the well being in such close proximity, the narrator’s entire experience would have held much less meaning. But because he had to work and struggle for the well and the repair of his plane, it made the water, and his survival, all the sweeter. Many adults want money and power, but many will not accept the fact that money and power must be earned, and that the money and power does not seem worth it without having worked to achieve it.

Matrix Concept in Management

Matrix Concept in Management Introduction The matrix structure is a management technique which diverts from the conventional manner of managing talent in the workplace. Often, the concept is applied throughout the organization, but there are cases where only part of the organization can be managed in this manner (Ford, 1992, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Matrix Concept in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is unique about the matrix concept is that, there are several reporting channels to the top management, as opposed to the conventional one channel of reporting. In the past, many organizations were known to dissect employee talent according to employee product association or functional levels. However, the matrix structure combines the two platforms to create a dual reporting system. The matrix technique therefore works by integrating cross-functional work teams in the sense that, employees now report to various sections of a company’s top managerial team (Kuprenas, 2003, p. 52). The entire concept of matrix management was derived from a diagrammatic form of organizational management where there is a grid of functions and product groups bound to be accomplished by selected employee groups (Samson and Daft, 2009). The matrix concept is normally adopted where there are sophisticated products to be developed and the input of various departments ought to be incorporated to make the project a success. However, there have been increased concerns among managerial circles that, the matrix concept creates more problems than it can solve. This concern is registered because from the dual reporting system which the matrix structure incorporates, organizational design is complicated. This study focuses on the matrix structure as the first part of the study and in the second part of the study, an analysis of the concept of teamwork will be made. An analysis of the matrix structure will be done to establis h why the matrix concept is weak in applicability and in the second part of the study; this study explains why most managers today adopt the concept of teamworkAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Applicability of the Matrix Concept Though the matrix structure has been advanced as a formalized way of making the organizational design process efficient, it also creates new problems for organizations which adopt the concept. In this regard, the matrix concept exposes a lot of weaknesses in its application, such that, it sometimes beats the sense of adopting it in the first place. The dual reporting structure of the matrix concept is the major element of crisis for the concept because it exposes organizations to a lot of problems regarding the applicability of the concept. For instance, the dual reporting system envisioned in the concept is very costly for organizations to implement and therefore this affects the productivity of the concept (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis, 2005). More importantly, this problem is severe for organizations which are just starting up because they may lack the funds to bounce back into operations once they suffer severe operational losses. Through the dual reporting structure, the matrix concept creates a complex reporting system which causes a lot of confusion in the organization regarding which individual or department employees should report to. The chain of command is therefore distorted with the adoption of the matrix structure and chances of role ambiguity surfacing is high (Gottlieb, 2007, p. 2). This situation is likely to brew more conflict for organizations and especially individuals who hold high positions. This conflict is observed in form of interpersonal conflict because the matrix structure pits two individuals against one other (because employees report to both of them). Chances of superiority battles occur ring is therefore high and employees may find themselves caught up in the middle of the standoff since they may find themselves in a position where they have to pledge loyalty to a certain individual. For instance, a project manager may tell an employee to do one thing but another manager in a different department may tell the employee to do another thing which contravenes the first instruction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Matrix Concept in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This situation may corrode employee cohesion and reduces the synergy needed in completing given projects. It is therefore no surprise that, companies which have shifted their organizational designs from the conventional form to the matrix form experience high employee turnover as a result (Kuprenas, 2003, p. 53). The shortcomings of the matrix structure have also been practically evidenced in the United States (US) (in 1961-1978) wh en a quarter of the hospitals shifted their organizational designs to the matrix structure and later abandoned it after citing operational problems. At this point, several research studies were done to analyze why the concept was failing and it was discovered that, the matrix concept was more suited for larger organizations as opposed to smaller ones (Willmott, 2010, p. 114). However, this turned out not to be the case because subsequent studies done in General Motors (which is a large organization) revealed that, the concept was still not applicable because it was affirmed that, managers lost control of their departments, thereby decreasing productivity and efficiency. Teamwork Organizations have in the recent past greatly utilized the concept of teamwork in organizational processes. Teams are independent groups of people who work towards the achievement of a given organizational goal. The trend has picked up in the recent past because recent research findings show that, teamwork i s an efficient way of getting organizational objectives done within a short time (Parker, 2008, p. 183). The efficiency of teamwork has motivated more managers to nurture the concept because researchers who have past experiences in the use of the concept, acknowledge that, decisions are easily made in this regard and undertaking simple processes like encouraging employees to be more productive can significantly lead to a lot of improvements in the production process.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some companies also use teams because it is a simple way of controlling the behaviors of employees. For instance, when employees work in teams, they feel obligated to ensure the success of the team at all costs and many would often not want to be singled out as the derailing cause in a given team. For instance, if an employee falls sick, chances are that, he or she will struggle to come to work so that, he or she is not identified as the weak link in the team. This observation is a form of positive peer influence in the sense that, positive energies from team members are likely to spread to other team members as well. The uptake of the concept of teamwork among organizations is also motivated by the fact that, with team working, the organization can be able to integrate different talents towards the success of a given project. For instance, not every employee possesses the same skill or talent and therefore, it is only wise to integrate the different talents of team member towards t he realization of a given organizational goal. This fact is closely similar to the concept of building synergy because teamwork easily leads to the success of the concept. Synergy appreciates the fact that, two talents are better than one and the integration of different employee talent is more productive than if employees were to work individually (Parker, 2008, p. 183). This concept also changes the management’s view of the organization because employees are now perceived as part of an entire segment of an organization as opposed to individual people. Teamwork therefore helps to build synergy in this manner and managers appreciate its productivity as a result. For instance, an airport controller would find his job very difficult if he were not to embrace the concept of teamwork because controlling different airline companies to offer maximum service satisfaction to hundreds of customers is not an easy thing. For example: coordinating the checking of luggage; passenger aligh ting; cabin cleaning; replenishment of foods, drinks and snacks; airplane fuel refilling; luggage unloading and similar activities are tedious tasks. The adoption of the concept of teamwork is therefore useful in helping such an individual effectively handle such a hustle because through the adoption of teamwork, the airport controller will be able to speed up all the processes, say, if he adds two or more people in the luggage checking department as opposed to only four people, or if he adds more flight attendants to communicate with the pilot in times of landing or take off. Conclusion In light of the weaknesses of the matrix approach, many organizations have changed their perception (especially held in the 70s) that, the matrix structure is an antidote for all organizational design problems because the breadth of its potential for applicability significantly reduced as a result. However, the notion that, the matrix structure is appropriate for large organizations exists because i t is believed that, large organizations operating in a fast-paced business environment may benefit more from the organizational design strategy than companies which do not share the same nature. In the same regard, it is correct to say that, a coal mining company is not likely to benefit from the concept (matrix) as opposed to a company dealing in pharmaceutical products. Also, companies which do not heavily rely on the services of professionals or semi-professionals are likely to fail to benefit from the concept because the technique is best applied when an organization relies on the services of professionals such as engineers, surveyors and the likes. The matrix technique is also only applicable in an organization which has a diverse set of professionals who have various skills and in organizations which have nurtured employee behavior such that, the interpersonal skill level is high. However, getting organizations which have attained this level of employee cohesion is normally di fficult. Also, for the concept to effectively works, there needs to be sufficient authority given to project managers who work under the authority of the functional and product managers to make important decisions regarding the course various projects have to take. Considering these dynamics of the matrix concept, the matrix technique is applied best as part of a large inclusive strategy of organizational design, but it should not be left alone to stand as the only unique organizational design strategy. With regards to the teamwork concept applied by many organizations today, organizational managers have discovered that, it is easier to foster collaboration and cohesion in the organization through teamwork so that, tasks can be effectively completed in the organization. Managers also aim to improve their employee’s problem solving skills in the organization because working in teams is also strenuous and employees are bound to disagree with one another regarding various issues . The team environment however encourages them to solve their disputes and iron out their differences. This improves their problem solving skills. Moreover, the team environment encourages employees to come up with creative ideas which they can brainstorm among themselves and ultimately, the organization will be the one to benefit because such creative ideas are likely to be of benefit to them. References Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., Pitsis, T. (2005). Managing and Organizations: An  Introduction to Theory and Practice. London: Sage. Ford, R. (1992). Cross-Functional Structures: A Review and Integration of Matrix  Organization and Project Management. Journal of Management, 6, 1-22. Gottlieb, M. (2007). The Matrix Organization Reloaded: Adventures in Team And  Project Management. London: Greenwood Publishing Group. Kuprenas, J. (2003). Implementation and Performance of a Matrix Organization  Structure. International Journal of Project Management, 21, 50-62. Parker, G. (2008). Team Players and Team Work: New Strategies for Developing  Successful Collaboration. London: John Wiley and Sons. Samson, D., Daft, R. (2009). Management Third Asia Pacific Edition. Australia:  Cengage Learning. Willmott, H. (2010). Organization Theory and Design. London: Cengage Learning.

How to Become a Resident Adviser (RA)

How to Become a Resident Adviser (RA) You may have wanted to be a resident adviser or resident assistant (RA) since the moment you first moved on campus or you may just want to explore the idea. Either way, youve ideally carefully considered the pros and cons of the position and are now looking to get your application in. What should you expect? And how can you be sure that your application stands out from the crowd? The RA application process varies, so youll need to check with the office that manages residence life at your college to get to know the specific requirements at your school. While this may not be the exact process you experience, the following overview can help you prepare to apply and interview for an RA position. Step One: The  Application What youll be asked to do: Most colleges and universities have prospective RAs fill out a several-page application, either online or in hard copy. Youll be asked about your involvement on campus, why you want to be an RA, what your leadership experience has been  and what  goals youd like to accomplish as an RA.What theyre looking for: Residence life professional staff are looking for people who come from a wide range of experiences. Be honest about what youve been involved in, where your interests are  and what youre most passionate about. Conversely, if you havent been that involved, be honest about that- and that you are now looking to become more involved in an RA role (and why). Your new potential boss(es) will be looking for people who are engaged with their community, want to be a part of building a community and are thoughtful about their role on campus.   Step Two: The Group Interview What youll be asked to do: You may be asked to participate in a  group interview, where youll be put in a small group with other applicants. Youll most likely have to introduce yourself and participate in team-building and problem-solving exercises- all while being observed.What theyre looking for: Your potential new employers are looking for candidates who work well with others, who are self-confident, who listen well, and who demonstrate leadership skills. Remember, however, that this doesnt mean you have to worry about leading your team through a possible challenge; leaders can also be quiet people in the background who see common ground, can help mediate conflict and provide positive reinforcement for others who may be struggling. Just make sure to be yourself while doing your best to work well with those in your group. Step Three: The Individual Interview What youll be asked to do: Youll have a much smaller interview with one (or two) full-time residence life staff members where youre the only candidate present. (This actually may come before or after a group interview, if there is one.) While this may sound nerve-racking, it can actually be less stressful than the group interview process. Youll be asked questions similar to the ones you saw on the  application you first submitted.What theyre looking for: This is the most important time to be yourself, as your interviewer(s) is most likely looking for someone who is a good listener and that can make other people comfortable. Make sure to be relaxed and friendly, make good eye contact  and be honest in your answers. Additionally, be prepared to think on your feet: Your interviewer(s) may ask you how youd handle a variety of scenarios an RA may encounter or ask you to share an experience where you helped mediate a conflict.  Keep yourself focused and do your best to communicate th at youre a smart, friendly, helpful person that will make a great addition to next years RA  staff. And dont forget to bring some questions of your own!

Reading Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Reading Reflection - Assignment Example The government used such agencies like the media to convince the public and suppress the truth, thus acting on false information which contradicted the democratic â€Å"marketplaces of ideas† which the country is based on. The question on the threat of inflation is quite confusing because democratic â€Å"marketplaces of ideas† are known for making accurate decisions, but as the case of Iraq may suggest, they flaunted this and acted on their own personal and selfish interest. A closer look at why the marketplaces of ideas was not applied into the case of Iraq is that US as a country had various strategic advantages which propelled both the citizens and leaders to declare war on the country. An example is that the media and the atrocities of the September 11 were responsible for the failure of marketplaces of ideas in the case of Iraq. Failure of the â€Å"marketplaces of ideas† in Iraq’s case was because of a number of reasons like biased manipulation of democracies buy selfish individuals for their own gains. Secondly, is that the control of information was only restricted to a fraction of individuals who were thought to have the country’s interest at heart and lastly the authority exerted in foreign

Accounting and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Accounting and Society - Essay Example However, no such conclusion was provided within the video as to which perspective is better of the two. This creates a knowledge gap and thus provides the researchers with the opportunity to bridge the gap by setting forth an in depth research regarding the best perspective that should be implemented in accounting practices. Previous literatures have suggested that the arguments in favour of implementing the pro regulation perspective of accounting and arguments against the utilization of free market perspective have been influenced by political, social, economic and research consequences. Thus the primary objective of this research is to do a critical evaluation providing evidence regarding the implementation of the above mentioned approaches. The paper will also highlight the political, social, economic and research influences that have historically impacted on the level of accounting regulation in a developed economy with established security markets. Following the in-depth analys is of the factors, remarks will be put forward as to which accounting standard should be implemented. In order to carry on the research efficiently and effectively specific set of tasks will be divided between the two members. One member of the group will be primarily responsible for doing a critical evaluation of the pro-regulation perspective whereas the other member will be assigned with the responsibility of analyzing the free market perspective.... Extensive literature review will be done in order to justify every comment that will be made. The literatures that will form the groundwork of this research are peer reviewed journals that cover different aspects of these accounting regulation perspectives. Three peer reviewed articles will be used in order to explain the implementation of the literature in order to explain the topic of issue. In addition to that, the video that has been used as the basis for initiating the research process will also serve as a useful resource. The overall time frame required for this research is 2 months. The tasks that will be performed over the course of these 2 months have been explained in the following table. Timeline (Source: Author’s creation) PART B Previous literatures in the field of accounting regulation acknowledged the social, economic, and political factors that are associated with the advancements made in the accounting rules and explained the events that led to the formulation of different regulatory frameworks that are internationally accepted. Those literatures have also highlighted the aims and purposes of accounting regulation and also identified the necessity for imposing these rules from many different perspectives, particularly, the social, economic and professional perspectives.  The present study endeavours to gather and to contrast in one place the different perspectives regarding the pro-regulations and free market approach to accounting practices. This study will only include reference papers and articles which have explained and established the theory of accounting regulation. Thus issues that have been discussed within this essay are not exhaustive they do not necessarily represent the last research dealing with these issues.   The relevance of

Tutors Theorizing the Writing Center :: Education Learning Papers

Central to the theorizing that is current in writing center scholarship is the concept of collaboration between tutors and students. Because of the overarching framework of social constructivism that currently drives theorizing in a multitude of disciplines—e.g., composition, literature, history, sociology, anthropology—it is not surprising that writing center scholars also use this framework to question the kind of knowledge that tutors create in tutorial sessions (see Grimm 1999, Murphy 1995, Carino 1995, Hobson 1994). Are tutors simply replicating the hierarchical paradigms of knowledge construction in which academia seems to be fully invested? Or are they capable of "thinking outside the box" because they are peers rather than teachers? My interest in how tutors theorize their practice in the writing center and how the writing center literature theorizes itself has been central to my work as a writing center director for the past 10 years. The small liberal arts college where I teach and direct the writing center has a staff of all-female undergraduate tutors, and I am constantly surprised by their fresh take on writing center theory and practice. They are bright and they question everything. Since this is exactly what a women’s college should be teaching young women to do, I encourage that stance in our writing center, and especially in the course tutors are required to take with me before they begin tutoring. In this paper, I will examine tutors’ journal responses written during a tutor training class held in the Fall of 2003. In these responses, tutors respond directly to articles which are often considered central to understanding the concepts of collaboration, control, socially constructed knowled ge, and the writing center as a site of resistance--concepts upon which writing center theory is often built. An important aspect of these journals is that they are dialogic. That is, they are entered on a Blackboard discussion forum that allows each tutor to read the other tutors’ journals and respond to them. The tutors’ responses seem to reveal a gap between what tutors understand about their own tutorial practices and what theorists believe to be true. In examining the tutors’ responses, I find that theorists sometimes recast practice to fit their theoretical constructs; as a result, tutors do not always see the same connections between theory and practice that theorists do. By listening to tutors’ voices as they critique writing center theory, I believe we can better understand how to use theory as a jumping off place for tutor training, rather than as an ending point.

This Piece of Writing Deserves a Level 7

This Piece of Writing Deserves a Level 7 It’s simple. I have worked my fingers to the bone to bring you this wonderful piece of writing that will most definitely be worthy of a level seven. I will use varied sentence length, pairs, sets of three, quotations, metaphors, similes and many more rhetorical devices to create a piece which you will not be able to take your eyes away from. You see Mr. Deane; this writing is like a magnificent and stunning cake – something which you cannot take your eyes from.Yes, this writing is a cake bursting with delicious cream and icing and chocolate, just waiting for you to sink your teeth deep into it. If this first paragraph has not convinced you that this is worthy of a level seven, then my next paragraph will do. Keep reading. I had no trouble starting this paragraph. I may be right in saying this is unlike a few – if not many – people in my form who had trouble starting. This is not me. I have simply strived to string t his braid of bubbling and beautiful words together. Also read: Principles of Good Writing by L.A. HillDo you not find the alliteration, sibilance, plosive sounds and onomatopoeia in the last sentence level seven worthy? I’m hard pressed to find a reason for not giving me a level seven, as, a great man like you can, I hope, see what is right in front of you – a level seven-worthy piece of writing. If can find a reason against me, then I implore you to keep reading, as you will come to see that by the end, that this piece of writing will deserve a level seven. If you are still yet to be convinced, then I ask you, if this does not gain a level seven, what will the other teachers think of your educating?By giving this writing level seven, you will not only be gaining the love and appreciation and of one of your students, but also the admiration and respect of your fellow English teachers, who will find your ability to bring out the best writers amazing. This, I assure you, you will enjoy, and as Plutarch once said â€Å"The whole life of man is but a point of time; let us enjoy it. †. So, if you still do not think this deserves a level seven then, as George Santayana once said, even â€Å"The wisest mind has something yet to learn. †.

Innominate contracts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2036 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Contract Law Essay Did you like this example? What were the innominate contracts? Where did they come from and why were they important? The very term innominate (literally à ¢without name) is potentially confusing since these so-called contracts are named very specifically. The term refers to their place in the system of classification of contracts in Roman Law rather than their possessing the characteristic of being unnamed. A distinct characteristic of Roman Law is that it might be said to possess a law of contracts as opposed to a law of contract. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Innominate contracts" essay for you Create order The latter is far more familiar to the modern legal scholar. In most current jurisdictions there is a unified concept of that which constitutes a contract. For example, in the UK, the existence of a contract is determined by a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“checklistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of common factors: offer, acceptance, intention to create legal relations, certainty etc. This is not so in the Roman code which possessed instead a list of varieties of contract. This gave rise to a need for classification of contracts according to type. Thus, jurists such as Justinian divide contracts into categories such as Real and Consensual which are further sub-categorised. The innominate contracts are in effect defined by their inability to fit into such established categories and their identification is therefore negative in character. Therefore, to begin to understand the place of the innominate contracts in Roman Law, it is necessary briefly to consider the nature and extent of their named cousins. The Real Contracts according to Justinian consisted of: Mutuum essentially a loan but with the expectation that the item in question would be consumed and therefore repayment would be by means of an equivalent item or its value; Commodatum a loan for use only; Depositum a loan for safekeeping but not for use; and Pignus the provision of security by the transfer of possession of an item. The Consensual Contracts are more familiar in character to the modern lawyer and consist of: Emptio Venditio the traditional contract of sale requiring certain specific elements the thing, the price and consent; Locatio Conduction this is frequently translated as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  but covered contracts as diverse as a lease of land and a contract of employment; Societas this is the familiar contract of partnership whereby individuals agree to co-operate together for a common purpose but could have a wider application such as an agreement to contribute to the costs of a journey; and Mandatum this was an unusual species of contract in which one party agreed gratuitously to perform services for another; the absence of the traditional elements of bargain and consideration underlines the ability of Roman Law to characterise as a contract an arrangement which would not fall within any definition provided by a unified code of contract. That said, the early law recognised the existence of the contracts verbis and literis whose essential character is evident from their names. It is the above system of classification which leaves room for other types of contract which do not conform with the requirements of any of the above classes. It might be said that Roman Law, like Nature, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“abhors a vacuumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and this gave rise to the evolution of the innominate contracts. The four principal innominate contracts are those which have attracted the attention of commentators because of their practical importance. They are: Transactio; Aestimatum; Permutatio; and Precarium. It should be noted that the development of these types of contract was not uniform and occurred at various stages throughout the life of Roman jurisprudence. It is generally recognised that the emergence of these forms was to remedy perceived gaps in the codified law. For example, Nicholas[1] suggests: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The four real and four consensual contracts, together with the contracts verbis and literis, exhaust the Institutional list of contracts, but the list leaves gaps and uncertainties. It leaves gaps because it excludes several common types of agreement, such as exchange or any agreement which calls for the payment of a reasonable price (e.g. an agreement for the making of repairs the extent of which cannot be exactly foreseen). It leaves uncertainties because, while it may be clear that a given agreement is a contract, there is doubt as to the particular heading under which it should be placed.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This sentiment is echoed by Borkowski and du Plessis[2] : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Their [innominate contractsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢] development owes much to the fact that the number of contracts in Roman law was quite limited throughout much of Romeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legal history. The need was eventually felt to give certain agreements contractual force, even though they did not constitute any of the recognised contracts, as in the case of barter (permutatio) for example.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  As elsewhere in Roman Law, the development of these forms of contract was linked to the need to identify an appropriate action to enforce a right. Thus in the case of a barter, the plaintiff would previously have been required to bring a condictio to recover property which had passed into the possession of the other party or even commence an action for fraud. The deficiency of these remedies was that, if successful, they restored the parties to the position in which they would have been had the bargain not been struck and took no account of the potential adv antage to be derived from performance of the agreement. The common characteristic of innominate contracts is that they can each be said to be a species of agreement for some type of mutual service and in each instance there had been some fulfilment of the bargain by one or other party. In this respect there might be found echoes in the modern doctrine of part performance. Each of the four principal types of innominate contract will now be considered in turn. Transactio This was the compromise or informal settlement of a legal action. This should be contrasted with the formal settlement of such actions by means of stipulatio after which any express penalty contained therein could be enforced or an aggrieved party could sue on the basis of the stipulation. Difficulties arose, however, where there had been an informal compromise upon the performance of which one party had reneged. Accordingly, there developed the actio prescriptis verbis (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the action of the introdu ctory wordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) which was a general form of action. It was through the use of this procedure that it came to be established that such agreements should be regarded as contractually enforceable provided that there had been some performance by one side. Thus it should be noted that Justinian did not create a new form of action; he simply gave recognition to principles which had already begun to evolve. The importance of the acknowledgement of this type of contract is that it introduced certainty into situations where there might previously have been none. A transactio could be entered into before judgment or even after judgment if there was some scope for uncertainty as to further developments, e.g. if the judgment was regarded as suspect for some reason or where the parties wished to limit their exposure to a further appeal. Interestingly, while Borkowski and du Plessis (Op. Cit., p.307) cite transactio as the first of the most important innominate contracts, Nicholas (Op . Cit., passim) appears to ignore its existence altogether. This underlines the fact that the innominate contracts should not be regarded as a supplement to the existing system of classification but should be seen instead as a practical means of remedying lacunae in the law on an ad hoc basis. Aestimatum This parallels the modern commercial practice of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sale or returnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . A party entrusted possession of an item to another on the basis that if it were sold, the latter would account to the former for its value. This principle was developed to the extent that the remedy would not simply be available in the event of a sale and lack of remuneration but also in situations in which a time limit for sale or return was specified. Aestimatum is a good example of the necessary refinement of pre-existing principles. As has been seen in the discussion above, this type of joint venture might arguably be covered by the defined contract of societas but the involveme nt of issues of possession as distinct from ownership or the transfer of title renders the latter mechanism with its emphasis upon the concept of partnership clumsy. Similarly, while recourse to mutuum may seem superficially to meet the situation, the element of the ability of the bailee to return the item with impunity places it outside this formal category. Permutatio This was significant in that it elevated agreements of exchange or barter to the status of contracts. It had previously been the prevailing view that no such contract was capable of amounting to a sale. However, it should not be supposed that every such agreement became a contract. As in the case of the other innominate contracts, there was a strong emphasis upon some element of part performance with a requirement that some money must change hands as an integral part of the agreement. The advantage of recognising this type of arrangement as a contract lay in the fact that it became a duty to pass ownership. A s a result, a transferee could sue in respect of any defect in title before the rightful owner began to enforce his rights. It may be observed that this represented a late recognition of this type of contract and the culmination of a classic dispute between the Sabinians (see Nicholas, Op. Cit., p.174) and the Proculians with the former asserting barter as contract and the latter suggesting that unless the price were in money it would be impossible to distinguish buyer from seller and determine the duties and obligations of the respective parties. Thus the insistence of the money element in permutatio may be regarded as a form of compromise between these classically conflicting views. Precarium This has its nearest parallel in the modern law in the formula of the tenancy at will. Precarium consisted of the gratuitous grant of the enjoyment of land or chattels. However, the comparison is not exact because there will generally be some form of consideration however nominal for a tenancy at will. This is a useful example of the means by which innominate contracts came into being. It was Justinian who allowed the use of the actio prescriptis verbis (discussed above) in respect of this type of agreement thus paving the way for its inclusion in the category of contracts, albeit innominate. It should be carefully noted that the four examples given above are regarded as prime specimens of innominate contracts but the list is neither exhaustive or closed. Nicholas[3] observes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The more important types [of innominate contract] in fact have names such as permutatio (exchange) and aestimatum, but this must not be allowed to obscure the significance of innominate contracts, which lies precisely in the generality of the principle which they represent. For this principle goes a long way towards filling the gaps and resolving the uncertainties left by the system of typical contracts.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  In conclusion it is submitted that this repres ents a concise and cogent commentary upon the importance of innominate contracts. The rigid classification of contracts into particular types gave rise to a situation in which a perfectly valid agreement which ought to have been capable of being enforced through the mechanism of the law could fail merely by dint of the fact that an appropriate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“labelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  had not been attached to meet the situation in question. The value of Justinianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recognition of such further categories albeit remaining without name is to remedy this deficiency. It may be argued, however, that if Roman Law were to have developed a unified and generally applicable theory which allowed the identification of any agreement as a contract, such remedial work might not have been necessary. Bibliography Borkowski, A. du Plessis, P., Textbook on Roman Law, (3rd Ed., 2005) Nicholas, B., An Introduction to Roman Law, (1975) Stein, P., Roman Law in European History, ( 1999) Institutes of Justinian, www.members-aol.com/hsauertieg/institutes Footnotes [1] Nicholas, B., An Introduction to Roman Law, (1975), p. 189 [2] Borkowski, A. du Plessis, P., Textbook on Roman Law (3rd Ed., 2005), p.307 [3] Op. Cit., p.191